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Cell Biology

Published on Nov 18, 2015

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PRESENTATION OUTLINE

CELL BIOLOGY REVIEW

BY KAYLA GIBSON

THE HISTORY OF CELL BIOLOGY

  • Cell: the smallest unit that can carry on all of the processes of life
  • Cell theory:
  • 1) all living organisms are composed of 1 or more cells.
  • 2) cells are the basic unit of structure and function in an organism.
  • 3) cells come only from the reproduction of existing cells.

MICROSCOPES

  • Began being used in the 17th century
  • Van leeuwenhoeks microscope:
  • *the lenses were ground very precisely
  • A light microscope:
  • *uses optical lenses to magnify objects by bending light rays
Photo by tuchodi

ROBERT HOOKE

  • Used a microscope to view cork cells.
  • Described cells as many little boxes.
  • They appeared empty because:
  • *They were dead plant cells.
  • *The material inside was destroyed.

THE HISTORY OF CELL BIOLOGY

NONLIVING THINGS ARE NOT MADE OF CELLS.

TIMELINE OF CELL BIOLOGY.

TIMELINE CONTINUED.

TWO TYPES OF CELLS

  • Prokaryote.
  • Eukaryote.

PROKARYOTIC CELL

  • Lacks a membrane bound nucleus.
  • Lacks membrane bound organelles.
  • Smaller than eukaryotic cells.

EUKARYOTIC CELL

  • Contains a membrane bound nucleus.
  • Contains membrane bound organelles.
  • Bigger then prokaryotic cells.

SOME FACTS ABOUT CELLS.

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  • Nucleus is an organelle that contains coded information in the form of
  • DNA for regulating functions and reproduction and directs most activities
  • Of the cell.
  • Organelle: cell component that performs specific functions for the cell.

CELL ORGANELLES AND FEATURES

  • NUCLEOPLASM: jelly like liquid that fills the nucleus
  • NUCLEAR ENVELOPE: double membrane that surrounds the nucleus
  • Microtubule: 1 of 3 structural elements that make up cytoskeleton.

UNIQUE FEATURES OF PLANT CELLS

  • Plastid: organelle thats surrounded by a double membrane & has DNA
  • Thylakoids: flattened membranous sacs that contain chlorophyll.
  • Chlorophyll: green pigment that absorbs light
  • & Captures energy for a plant cell.

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NUCLEAR MEMBRANE SURROUNDS THE NUCLEUS, HAS A DOUBLE MEMBRANE.

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

  • Smooth ER: does not have ribosomes
  • Rough ER: has ribosomes.
  • Carries materials through cells
  • Ribosomes make proteins. ER aids in making proteins
  • Ribosomes connect to ER or free float
Both ribosomes and ER are in all cells.

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VACUOLE

  • Plant cells have a single, large vacuole.
  • Animal cells have small vacuoles.
  • Fluid filled sacs and largest organelle in plant cells.
  • Store food, water, and toxic wastes.
  • Store large amounts of foods or sugars in plants.

CHLOROPLAST

  • Found in plants and algae cells.
  • Green oval contains chlorophyll, gel like innermost
  • Double membrane with inner membrane modified into sacs (thylakoids)
  • Photosynthesis- uses energy from the sun to make food
  • Releases oxygen.

GOLGI APPARATUS

  • Found in All cells accept prokaryotes
  • Stacks of flattened sacs "The Post Office"
  • Have a cis & trans face
  • Modify proteins made by the cells.
  • Package & export proteins.

CENTRIOLES AND NUCLEOLUS

  • Nucleolus found in all cells except prokaryote. Found inside the nucleus.
  • Stores materials to be later used to make ribosomes.
  • Centrioles are found in animal cells.
  • They are paired structures near the nucleus. Made of Microtubule pairs
  • Separates chromosome pairs during mitosis.

CYTOSKELETON

  • Network of tubes and filaments that give a cell it's shape.
  • & serves as tracks for the movement of organelles in the cell.
  • Helps a cell divide.
  • Helps a cell grow.
Photo by AJC1

CILIA

  • Found in animal cells.
  • Have 9-2 arrangement of microtubules.
  • Makes the cell able to move.

FLAGELLUM

  • Found in bacteria
  • Have 9-2 arrangement of microtubules
  • Makes the cell mobile.

ANIMAL CELL

PLANT CELL

EXTRA VOCABULARY

  • ATP: special molecule that provides energy for a cells activities.
  • Ecosystem: a community & all of the nonliving things that affect it.
  • Population: a group of the same kind of organisms that live in the same area at the same time
  • Community: all of the populations of different species that live and interact in an area.
  • Multicellular: describes an organism that can exist only as a group of cells.