Applying Information

Asch and Conformity

• "Asch is a study of non-conformity rather than conformity"
• Discuss

Asch's sample was taken from an individualist

• what do we mean by individualistic - what is the alternative?
• What would we expect to see in terms of conformity when comparing the two?

Social Roles

• Robs dad arrived back from a flight complaining about the security screening. Staff were rude and power crazed wondering if they employ aggressive people
• Explain using research and relevant arguments

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Obedience

• Zak's parents have recently moved him from a prestigious boarding school to the local comprehensive. In the private school he was taught in classes with 7-8 students. Classes now are much larger. In his previous school his teachers wore gowns, his new teachers dress causally. Zak now does not feel the need to follow the rules and he is now in trouble. Why? Include relevant research data (6)

Answer

• Proximity - more students = less proximity (almost like instructions by telephone 21%)
• Uniform = Legitimate Authority - teachers dress less legitimate (20%) Bickman or Bushman research
• Location - less prestigious (48%)

Situational Factors

• Mikes 2nd time being a steward at a liverpool game. All fans followed his instructions to be seated.
• It was hot so he took off his high visibility jacket off. The team scored and he told fans to sit down - they wouldn't and stayed standing
• Explain with reference to Milgam %'s why (3)

Power of uniform

• Jacket is a symbol of authority - in the stadium context
• He removes it so less legitimate
• Power of uniform was shown by Milgram drop to 20% when wearing casual clothes

Explanations of Obedience

• Watching the TV news broadcast about airstrikes Miles wonders what enables the pilot to release misiles knowing they will cause death and devastation
• Making reference to explanations of obedience explain why the pilot is able to do this use Milgram data in your answer (6)

Agentic shift

• Orders from above so they are responsible - agentic shift - shift from autonomous state - guilt free - refusing would be breaking the command structure (all pps 300v). Location added to sense of Legitimacy (institution) - 65%-48%
• Institution provides context for obedience - military - legitimate authority - socialised to obey

Legitimate Authority

• Would perceive the orders as legitimate as the authority figure would be respected. As harmful instructions need to come from a command structure / institution such as the military
• Drop to 47.5% Run down 20%normal clothes, Bickman security v milkman

Disposition v Situation

• Two students are discussing why some people are more obedient than others. Freda believes some people have a more obedient personality. Stefan thinks we are all capable of obeying if the situation is right?
• Discuss?

Authoritarian Personality

• Having moved to UK from a country that demanded absolute obedience Omar's parents are concerned they do not want him to develop an Authoritarian personality
• How could this be achieved (3)

Answer

• children learn through experiences and imitation
• Less strict, less demands for excellence
• use a more authoritative style
• do not model uncritical obedience in their own behaviour

Resistance

• Paveen is starting a course at college, her parents worry that the students there will influence her negatively
• Her friend Mary is also starting with her. How might this helps her resist pressure to change her behaviour (4)
• Use research such as Asch to support your answer

Asch

• Found social support helped reduce pressure to conform
• Paveen may face pressure to drink alochol, if all the other girls were this would increase pressure
• Asch showed with one ally the pressure can be broken (5% and 9%)
• Having an ally gives the confidence to stick with her opinion by breaking the normatiove pressure

Minority Influence

• Jane and Joe are touched by the news stories about children fleeing middle east conflict. They are trying to convince others to accept migrants. Using your knowledge of minority influence how should they go about this

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• Consistency - frequently mention the message
• Commitment - giving money let them live in, volunteering
• Flexibility - some should be able to leave - refugees

Social Change

• Major want to persuade people to use cars less and public transport more
• Using knowledge of social change how should he achieve this

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• Draw attention - making leaflets posters etc. Town meetings. Creates conflict. Deeper processing - making them think about benefits and costs. Consistency - repeat
• Commitment - use it yourself
• Flexibility - use a couple of days
• Augmentation principle - selling car
• Snowball effect
• Social crypto amnesia-
• Miniroity become the majority

MSM

MSM

• Sam - head injury. Memory is affected. duration of STM limited. LTM also affected he could not remember university experiences but could remember knowledge for capital cities
• How does this case support the MSM

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• + supports separate stores - some LTM in tact but not STM
• - too simplistic - LTM not unitary - semantic intact but episodic not in tact

WMM

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• Miriam enjoys singing along to music while completing still life drawing. But finds the same songs distracting when talking to friends about the content of her english class
• Explain why this is so, making reference to the WMM

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• art - VSSP - visual cache - form and colour
• inner scribe - spatial composition
• music - phonological store
• talking also phonological store - limited capacity can't dual task

Leading Questions

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• Chris witnessed a car crash. His parents asked if anyone was injured, how fast the cars were going when they smashed. The damage. The next days his friends asked him too. His friend Tom told him the driver had cuts on his face.
• Why should his evidence be treated with caution

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• Leading Questions - Parents
• Post discussion - Tom
• Age
• Memory is fragile

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• D & K are chatting, "I cant leave her with anyone at the moment, everytime my sister tries to hold her she screams (K)

Depression

Depression

• Anita is the youngest child in a family of high achievers and has never achieved. During her first driving lesson she experiences road rage from other drivers and gives up
• Explain the processes that may have been involved

Answer

• history of failure
• negative schema - framework of beliefs
• new failure - schema is activated
• I am a bad driver
• Everyone thinks so
• I will never be able to drive