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PSA

• Pre-preparation
• Preparation
• Pre-performance
• Performance

Plagiarism

• Taking someone else's ideas
• Paraphrasing
• Common knowledge facts

Cite Sources

• Author
• Type of source
• Description of source
• Date of source
• *Remember "qualify" the source

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• Thesis statement-single declarative sentence.
• General Speech Purpose
• Specific Speech Purpose

General Speech Purpose

• To inform
• To persuade
• To mark a special occasion

Audience Analysis
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Demographics
Audience Psychology

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• Hearing vs Listening
• Internal vs External Distractions

Elaboration Likelihood Model

• Central Processing
• Peripheral Processing

Choosing a Topic

• look for something you are interested in
• current events
• controversial issues
• grass roots topics
• avoid topics that are overdone
• consider your own expertise, hobbies and interests
• brainstorm

OUTLINING

• Working outline
• Speaking outline
• Sentence/Phrase/ Key Word

Outlining

• Main points
• Supporting points
• Indent supporting points

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Bringing the Speech Together

• Transitions
• Signposts
• Internal previews
• Internal summary
• Restate/Forecast

Organizational Patterns

• Topical
• Chronological
• Spatial
• Causal
• Problem Solution
• Monroe's Motivated Sequence

Introduction

• Gain attention
• Topic & purpose
• Preview points
• 10% to 15% of entire speech

Conclusion

• Signal speech ending
• Review points
• Purpose & Thesis
• Leave thinking -- Informative
• Call to action -- Persuasive
• 1/6th of overall speech

Support material

• Examples
• Narratives
• Testimony
• Facts
• Statistics

Reseach

• First person research
• Secondary research- cite sources whether paraphrased or summarized

Evidence

• Audience knowledge
• Speaker knowledge
• External evidence

Evaluate Your Sources

• ID author or site sponsor
• Check domain name
• Check date--is it current?
• Company info

Test for Evidence

• Relevant to claim
• Timely
• Credible

Parts of an Argument

• Claim - thesis statement
• Evidence
• Warrants - ties together claim & evidence

Types of Claims

• Claim of Fact---True or False?
• Claim of Value---Make a judgement
• Claim of Policy---Recommend a course of action

Aristotle's Rhetorical Proof

• Logos - logic or reason
• Pathos - emotion
• Ethos - speaker character

Maslow's Hierarchy of Need

• Self Actualization
• Self Esteen
• Social
• Safety
• Physiological

Fallacies of Reasoning

• begging the question
• band wagon
• either or
• adhominen
• red herring

Percentage

• Mean--arithmetic average
• Median-the center most score
• Mode-most frequent

Presentation Aid

• One aid=one main point
• 6x6 rule
• Be consistent
• No more than three colors

Library

• How to use databases

Exam

• 60 questions
• Multiple choice
• True/False
• 15% of your final grade

Conclusion

• Signal speech ending
• Review points
• Purpose & thesis
• Leave thinking -- informative
• Call to action -- persuasive
• 1/6th of overall speech

Persuasive Organizational Patterns

• Problem Solution
• Problem Cause Solution
• Refutation

Excel

• Basic functions for formulas
• How to read a formula

Use Statistics Accurately

• Frequency is a count of the number of times something occurs

Competing Arguments

• If audience knows about a completing arugment--raise it & refute it
• This is the inoculation effect
• ignoring it will weaken your claim