THE POWER OF ART

Untitled Slide

RENAISSANCE=REBIRTH

14 century - early 17 century. (1450-1600)

The Renaissance started in Florence, Italy and spread to other city-states in Italy. Part of the reason it began in Italy was because of the history of Rome and the Roman Empire. Another reason it began in Italy was because Italy had become very wealthy and the wealthy were willing to spend their money supporting
artists and geniuses.


City-states played a big role in the rule of Italy at the time. They were often ruled by a powerful family. Some important city-states included: Florenceiu, Milan, Venice, and Ferrara.

The term Renaissance Man refers to a person that is an expert and talented in many areas. The true geniuses of the Renaissance were great examples of this. Leonardo da Vinci was a master painter, sculptor, scientist, inventor, architect, engineer, and writer. Michelangelo was also a superb painter, sculptor, and architect. The sacred and secular dance and vocal music of the greatest composers of the era SHAKESPEARE and MICHELANGELO.

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=jhI_TbT-gbM

City-states played a big role in the rule of Italy at the time. They were often ruled by a powerful family. Some important city-states included: Florenceiu, Milan, Venice, and Ferrara.

The term Renaissance Man refers to a person that is an expert and talented in many areas. The true geniuses of the Renaissance were great examples of this. Leonardo da Vinci was a master painter, sculptor, scientist, inventor, architect, engineer, and writer. Michelangelo was also a superb painter, sculptor, and architect. The sacred and secular dance and vocal music of the greatest composers of the era SHAKESPEARE and MICHELANGELO.

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=jhI_TbT-gbM

There are many famous composers from the Renaissance. They were able to use the printing press for their music allowing an even wider audience. Some of the most famous composers include William Byrd, Josquin Des Prez, and Thomas Tallis. The first dramatic opera was written by Claudio Monteverdi in 1607.


During the Renaissance one of the main forms of entertainment was music and dance. Music became a part of everyday life as people began to play music and sing for enjoyment. They experimented with new types of instruments and combinations of voices. Music was both an art form and a form of entertainment.


Some of the great music of the Renaissance was sung in churches in large choirs. One new style of music was to interweave several different vocal melodies at the same time. This type of music was called polyphony and became popular.

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=L7oWrDjS2Fc

MAJOR EVENTS

• Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing in 1440, which made writing to improve lot.
• In October 12th, 1492 Christop Columbus landed in the Caribbean.
• From 1503-1519 Leonardo Da Vinci painted a famous piece of art called "Mona Lisa".
• In 1533, Henry the 8th became the head of English church. He made a new version of Christianity that was much like Catholicism except they could divorce.
• Queen Elizabeth ruled England without a king and proved to the world that women are just strong and smart as men if they receive the same education.

Influential Piece
Was called "Ave Maria" written by Franz Schubert who was inspired by the poem called "The Lady of the Lake" that was written by Walter Scott. How it reflects history? It reflects history because the song represents the time of war between kings because of lands, how people ask Maria for protection.

THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

Industrial Revolution
1760 to somewhere in the 1820-1849
Started in Great Britain, England.
During this time, there were also many new advancements in technology. The assembly line was one of the biggest inventions. Henry Ford is credited with this invention.
Some of the biggest advancements were in steam power. New fuels such as coal and petroleum, were used in these new steam engines. This revolutionized many industries including textiles and manufacturing.

MAJOR EVENTS

• In 1794, Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin, which help taking out the cotton seeds.
• In 1846, Elias Howey created the sewing machine, it revolutionized manufacturing of clothing.
• In 1798, Eli Whitney came up with the idea of using interchangeable parts. It helps on the manufacturing of engines.
• In 1712, the spinning machine.

Influential Pieces:
When Gustave Eiffel’s company built Paris’ most important monument (during the Industrial Revolution) for the 1889 World’s Fair, many regarded the massive iron structure with skepticism. Today, the Eiffel Tower, which continues to serve an important role in television and radio broadcasts, is considered an architectural wonder and attracts more visitors than any other paid tourist attraction in the world.
It reflects history in the way that this massive construction was a symbol of economic power of France vs the power of United States economy. In the beginning society considered a useless and monstrous tower, but now in the present the Eiffel Tower promotes tourism and the economy in France.

How the population respond to the changes during this period?
At the beginning of this period people were really mad because they loosed their jobs but with the pass of the time they began to appreciate the changes. Why? Because without all this changes we wouldn't be able to have all the technology,cars, education, etc. that we have now.

Chiristian Palace
Was build in 1750.
Was the best building in the period . For the construction of the building they used. Ate rials such as iron, london, and glass.

Iron, oil, carbon , and steel were the material used to make buildings.

1920'S &EMANCIPATION OF WOMEN

1920's
It was also known as the "Roaring Twenties" or the "Jazz Age"1920-1929
The 1920s were an age of dramatic social and political change. For the first time, more Americans lived in cities than on farms. The nation’s total wealth more than doubled between 1920 and 1929, and this economic growth swept many Americans into an affluent but unfamiliar “consumer society.” People from coast to coast listened to the same music, did the same dances and even used the same slang! in fact, for many even most people in the United States, the 1920s brought more conflict than celebration. However, for a small handful of young people in the nation’s big cities, the 1920s were roaring indeed.

Emancipation of Women
Women traditionally had been regarded as inferior to men physically and intellectually. Both law and religion had ordered their declination. Women could not own a property in their own names, engage in business, or control the disposal of their children or even of their own persons. Although Mary Astell and others had pleaded earlier for larger opportunities for women, the first feminist document was Mary Wollstonecraft's Vindication of the Rights of Women (1792). In the French Revolution, women's republican clubs demanded that liberty, equality, and fraternity be applied regardless of sex, but this movement was extinguished for the time by the Code Napoléon.

MAJOR EVENTS

• In 1920 the Nineteenth Amendment To The Constitution is ratified on August 18, giving women the right to vote because in that time women were not aloud to vote in USA. -The Irish Revolution leads to the Government of Ireland Act of 1920 providing for the partition of Ireland into Northern Ireland and Southern Ireland with separate parliaments leading to the creation of the Irish Free State. Right now Northern Ireland belongs to Great Bretain and the Southern part is independent.
• In 1922 Gandhi preached for mass civil disobedience, non-violence and peaceful resistance against British Rule in India and British Authorities sentenced him to six years' imprisonment. -Fifty thousand people affected during Lower Louisiana Floods in 1922.
• In 1923 King Tutankhamun's Tomb is discovered and opened by Howard Carter who enters King Tutankhamun's burial chamber. -The Great Kanto earthquake devastates Tokyo and Yokohama in 1923 leaving over 100,000 fatalities.
• In 1924 Ellis Island closes in 1924 as an immigration entry point to the US.
• In 1927 work begins on Mount Rushmore in the late 1920's carving the faces of George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt and Abraham Lincoln it takes nearly 15 years to complete. -The Great Mississippi Flood in 1927 affects 700,000 people in the greatest national disaster in US history, many people lose their homes.
• In 1928 Alexander Flemming discovers penicillin in 1928 which changed the world of modern medicines by introducing the age of antibiotics.
• In 1929 at the end of the 20's after a time of excesses in all areas, the stock market crashed on Black Thursday (October 24th, 1929) and caused the start of the The Great Depression.

Visual Arts
Some famous artist of the 1920's included:
Salvador Dali, Max Ernst, and Pablo Picasso. Art was also influenced by the rapid growth of United States' economy. Photography was invented during this time. In this time period, surrealism and art deco came into existence, and modernism became the norm in the art world. Artists began coming up with new ways to show how they viewed the world. Surrealism was officially founded in 1924 and developed by André Breton. He recommended that artists should look for access to their unconscious mind in order to make art. Many early Surrealists were associated with the earlier Dada movement. They developed techniques such as automatic drawing , automatic painting, decalcomania, frottage, fumage, grattage and parsemage, which became parts of the Surrealist practice.

Influential Piece
The most influential piece of visual arts in the 1920's was painted by Pablo Picasso, it was named "Los Tres Músicos". This piece shows what was happening during the history in the way of the disasters of wars.
This painting was painted using the technique of cubism and geometric figures.

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THE GREAT DEPRESSION

The Great Depression
When did the the Great Depression start?
The Great Depression started with the Wall Street Crash which occurred on October 29, 1929 (in the majority of the countries) it was named the "Black Tuesday". In others countrys started in 1930 and lasted until the late 1930s or middle 1940s. It was called The Great Depression" because of the low economy, homeless, losing jobs...

The economic crisis led to bank closures, mass unemployment, homelessness, hunger and the despair and dejection of American people. The terrible drought (sequia) in 1932 led to dust storms that ravaged the land in the prairies states of America brought unbelievable hardship to even more people. People joined Hunger Marches and the Bonus Army March by World War 1 veterans resulted in debacle in Washington. Poor neighborhoods, called 'Hoovervilles' sprang up across the country, the only refuge for the homeless. Unemployed men, hobos, traveled the railways to different locations desperately searching for work. The worst years of the Great Depression were 1932-1933, because the bankruptcy of most of the banking system and the 50% drop in industrial production. This happened during the presidency of Herbert Hoover who was blamed for the crisis. Things slowly improved under the presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, he created laws to boost the economy and help farmers. The devastation of the Great Depression was replaced by the destruction of World War Two.

MAJOR EVENTS

• In 1929, the Wall Street Crash.
• In 1929, unemployment cases low.
• In 1931, the majority of the banks collapsed.
• By 1930, 3.2 million people are unemployed.
• In March 1930, President Herbert Hoover told Americans that the economy will improve in the next 60 days.

Fashion
"Repair, reuse, make do, and don't throw anything away" was a slogan during the Great Depression. Very few farm families had enough money to buy new clothes at a store. Mothers fixed socks and sewed patches over holes in clothes. Clothes were "recycled" and reused as younger children with hand-me-downs. When farmers brought home big sacks of flour or livestock feed, farm women used the sacks as material to sew everything from girls' dresses to boys' shirts and even underpants.

Because suntans were still somewhat considered to be lower class, most women in the 1930s had fairly pale skin. Makeup, such as rouge and lipstick, was frequently used to brighten pale faces.
Artificial eyelashes were popular despite taking hours to apply in a professional salon. Women tended to keep their hair fairly short, about shoulder length. Finger-waves or soft curls with very little body were common. Near the end of the decade, women's hair would start to become longer, as did the popular hair styles seen in the Hollywood movies did.

During one of the most crowded periods in modern Western history, from the stock market crash in 1929 and the outbreak of war in Europe in 1939, this new elegant fashion, dynamic and effervescent born. Vital to this area the developments that occur in textile technology. They began to use softer materials, both tailors and dressmakers leave behind the idea of ​​a padded clothes, and all follow the proposed cut on the "bias" of the great twentieth century dressmaker Madeleine Vionnet.

How does the fashion in this period showed what was happening in history?
History was reflected in fashion because the way people dressed you can see that it was really low economy so many people didn't have much money.

WORLD WAR 2/POST WORLD WAR 2

World War 2
For almost six years from 1939 to 1945 Britain fought the toughest war it had ever experienced. During World War 2 every person, every business, every service was involved. Around fifty million people lost their lives and hundreds of millions were injured.


Soldiers in Britain did not fight alone. The war also involved 61 countries with 1.7 billion people (three quarters of the world's population). There were two groups of countries, the 'Allies' and the 'Axis'. The major Allied Powers were Britain, France, Russia, China and the United States. The major Axis Powers were Germany, Italy and Japan.


How did the Second World War start?
After World War 1 ended in 1918, Germany had to give up land and was banned from having armed forces.


In 1933 the German people voted for a leader named Adolf Hitler, who led a political party in Germany called the National Socialists or Nazis. Hitler promised to make his country great again and quickly began to arm Germany again and to seize land from other countries.

Before 5:00 am on Friday, September 1st, 1939, German forces stormed the Polish frontier. Tanks and motorised troops raced into the country over ground supported by Stuka dive bombers overhead. A total of 1.25 million Germans soldiers swept into Poland

How did people protect themselves during the war?
-Children and some women were evacuated from the big cities into the countryside.
-People carried gas masks to protect themselves against a possible gas attack.
-People built air raid shelters in their gardens.
-All windows and doors were blacked out to make it harder for the enemy planes to spot where they lived.


What effect did the war have on people?
-World War II brought a lot of suffering and hardship to thousands of people.
-German bombers made terrifying night raids.
-Families were broken up as men were sent to the front lines to fight, some never to return.
-Children were sent out of the cities to stay with strangers, away from the bombing.
-Shops were half empty of things to buy and what was available was often rationed.
-The peaceful routine of everyday life was shattered.

MAJOR ENVENTS

• September 1st, 1939 Germany invaded Poland.
• In 1941 Hitler begins Operation Barbarossa , the invasion of Russia, and Japan attacks Pearl Harbor, and the US enters the war.
• In 1945 United States' president Franklin Roosevelt die
• September 3, 1939 Britain, Australia, New Zealand and France declare war on Germany.
• In September 4, 1939 Royal Air Force attacks the German Navy.
• In September 10, 1939 Canada declares war on Germany.

Music

Many World War II songs focused more on romance and strength instead of propaganda, morale, and patriotism. Songs that were pa…

The 1970's/Post World War 2
1946-to the present
The 1970's was one of the periods that happened after World War 2. It was a decade with the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1, 1970, and ended on December 31, 1979. The 1970s were famous for bell-bottoms and the rise of disco, but it was also an era of economic struggle, cultural change and technological innovation. For three decades, America was the leader. It's military was strong and the populations felt confident. By the 1970's America began to identify a change. Suddenly, they began to ask themselves if their country was losing strength. President Jimmy Carter called it "crisis of confidence". The Vietnam war played a large role in this crisis. American soldiers began to fight in Vietnam in 1960's. Another conflict that affect America was the Arab-Israeli conflict. In 1948, Jewish people created the state of Israel in the Middle East. Arab was strongly opposed to Israel. They fought several times to destroy it, but it failed. Some Arab groups turn to terrorism.

MAJOR EVENTS

• In 1977, Hip hop was created.
• Different types of rock became to existence. For example: punk rock, funk jams, etc.
• Oil became harder to find.
• Costs grow up.
• Countrys celebrated their first Earth Day on April 22,1970
• In 1970 The Beatles released their last LP because of their disintegration.

Music
In North America, Europe, and Oceania, the decade saw the rise of disco, which became one of the biggest genres of the decade, especially in the mid-to-late 1970s. In Europe, a variant known as Euro disco rose in popularity towards the end of the 1970s. Beside from disco, funk, smooth jazz, jazz fusion, and soul remained popular throughout the decade. Rock music played an important part in the Western musical scene, with punk rock thriving throughout the mid to late 1970s. There were different types of rock which were: rock, particularly glam, hard rock, progressive, art rock, heavy metal.the one with greatest success was glam metal rock. Other genres such as reggae were created throughout the decade and grew a significant following. Hip hop emerged during this decade, but had a slow start and didn't become significant until the late 1980s.
In the early 70’s glam rock was very popular with artists like Marc Bolan of T-Rex and David Bowie . The genre was fronted by male artists who wore heavy make-up and dressed in clothes that wouldn’t look out of place on a female. This was entirely a British sensation .

The most famous song relegated to the 1970's was "Let It Be" from The Beatles, it was their last song before their disintegration. It reflects what was happening in history by the letter of the song, which showed their closeness and trust in religion during the time of wars.

Making Connections
How is connected fashion in the 1920's with film?
Fashion and film during the Great Depression were connected because women used their hairstyles depending on Hollywood movies.

THE PRESENT

The Present
The XXI century is our present, according to the Gregorian calendar, and covers the years between 2001 and 2100. It is the first century of the third millennium. The XXI century is characterized by the advance and expansion of digitalization and information control globally. Also at this time it is known as the Information Age. Social networks reflect the exchanging world of information, low cost connectivity. This progress has already been initiated from the 1970s to the third industrial revolution . However, in the early twenty-first century, digitization experienced tremendous changes that led to new data storage devices (USB) and greater intensity in the expansion of mobile telephony began in the 1980s in Europe and the United States.

When does 21st century really started? 2000 or 2001?
You probably thought that it started on the 2000, but that is not correct. The true answer is on the 2001, I will give an easy example: if you start counting with your fingers since 0, you would end up with 9 fingers, therefore, if you start counting since 1 you would end up with 10 fingers, which is correct. That's an easy example to understand why 2000 and not 2001.

MAJOR EVENTS

• In 2002, the Euro enters to circulation. This made the circulation of money in Europe different.
• In 2007, Apple company debuts the first iPhone. By know they have great success with this phones, that they have 9 different types of iPhones.
• In 2009, Barack Obama is elected as the 44th USA's president.
• In 2010, Russia wins its bid as host for 2018 World Cup. FIFA Company is being investigated for corruption problems.
• In 2014, the Ebola outbreak in Sierra Leone, Africa. This guaranteed more health in Africa.

Music
The most famous song during this years has been "Someone Like You" by the artist Adele. Someone Like You" is about a guy who broke up with Adele. She wrote it with American songwriter and producer Dan Wilson. Adele said that she was really emotionally drained from the way I was portraying him, because even though she was very bitter and regret some parts of it, he's still the most important person that's ever been in her life, and 'Someone Like You,' She had to write it to feel OK with herself and OK with the two years she spent with him. And when she did it, she felt freed. This song doesn't represent anything in history like the music during the 1970's. This only represents how the artist was feeling.

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