UNIT 8 VOCAB

John F. Kennedy

• Democratic nominee for president in 1960
• He promised to "get America moving again"
• Handsome and charismatic
• Catholic background

Richard nixon

• FDR's opponent for president
• Ike's Vice-President
• Agreed on many domestic and foreign policies

lyndon b. johnson

• Assumed the office right after JFK's death
• Established the Great Society

nikita khrushchev

• Khrushchev and Kennedy agreed to resolve the Cuban Missile Crisis by agreeing to remove missiles if the U.S. would not invade Cuba

peace corp

• Volunteer program that was created to assist third world countries
• One of the first programs launched by JFK
• Assisted developing nations in Asia, Africa, and Latin America

Job corp

• A program administered by the U.S. Department of Labor that offers free-of-charge education and vocational training to young men and women ages 16-24

bay of pigs

• March 1960 Eisenhower gave the CIA permission to secretly train Cuban exiles for an invasion of Cuba
• Ordered a block on all trade with Cuba
• JFK approved the mission
• The goal was to overthrow Castro
• Turned out out to be a disaster when Cuban exiles met 25,000 Cuban troops backed by Soviet tanks and were defeated

Cuban missile crisis

• 1962- American spy planes discovered the sites and President Kennedy declared the sites too close to the U.S.
• U.S. added a Naval blockade to prevent Soviets from building more
• Resolved when Khrushchev agreed to remove missiles if U.S. would not invade Cuba
• Closest the world came to nuclear warfare

berlin wall

• August 13, 1961 the Soviets began construction of a 90 mile wall separating East and West
• 3 million East Germans had fled into West ever since the Berlin Airlift (11 years)

warren court

• Supreme Court of the United States during the period when Earl Warren served as Chief Justice

miranda rights

• A right to silence warning given by police in the U.S. to criminal suspects in police custody before interrogated

great society

• Entailed the most dramatic increase of federal power

medicare

• Federal health insurance program for people 65 or older, those with disabilities, and people with permanent kidney failure

medicaid

• Provides free or low-cost health coverage to millions of Americans including low-income people, families and children, pregnant women, the elderly, and people with disabilities

nasa

• The National Aeronautics and Space Administration
• Responsible for the civilian space program
• JFK sent the first man on the moon, Neil Armstrong

immigration act 1965

• The number of Hispanic Americans living in the United States increased rapidly
• Came to flee political oppression or find jobs and better lives
• Many Hispanics arrived illegally

title ix

• Prohibited federally funded schools from discriminating against girls in nearly all aspects of their operations, from admissions to athletics

martin luther king jr.

• Preacher
• Encouraged people to not follow unjust laws
• Promoted non-violence tactics
• Assassinated in 1968

thurgood marshall

• The head lawyer for the NAACP during the Civil Rights Movement

malcolm x

• Believed in separatism
• "by any means necessary" violence if need be
• Later changed his way of thought after pilgrimage to Mecca

james farmer

• Co-founded the Committee of Racial Equality later known as the Congress of Racial Equality
• Sought to bring an end to racial segregation in America through active non-violence

montgomery bus boycotts

• African Americans in Montgomery began protesting and organizing boycotts of the bus system
• Lasted over a year
• 1956- Alabama desegregated buses

little rock 9

• 9 African American students won the court decision to attend Central High School
• 2,000 white students
• Arkansas Governor ordered troops from the Arkansas National Guard to prevent the students from entering school

brown v board of education

• One of the first major wins of the NAACP
• 1954- Supreme Court ruled segregation was unconstitutional in public schools

24th amendment

• Prohibits any poll in elections for federal officials
• Year of 1964
• The goal was to establish new voting laws for African Americans

civil rights act 1964

• Equal access for all citizens to restaurants, parks, libraries, theaters, as well as the power of the attorney general to enforce desegregation in public schools
• Created the EEOC

uc vs bakke

• This court case reviewed the constitutionality of affirmative action
• Result- Barring the use of race as the sole criteria for excluding an applicant from consideration for a college admissions program

feminine mystique

• Betty Friedan-1963
• Stirred up women all across the country
• Stated that women still felt unfulfilled
• Book became a best seller

united farm workers

• Better living and working conditions
• Better wages and shorter workdays
• Greater economic and political power
• Successful 2 year grape boycott
• Support from other unions and political parties like JFK
• Union bargaining power

cesar chavez

• Self-taught Mexican who was inspired by the Civil Rights Movement and non-violence
• Organized two groups that fought for the rights of farm workers

american indian movement

• Attempted to draw attention to the bad living conditions on reservations
• "Red Power" activists organized demonstrations
• AIM became more vocal for Native American rights

stonewall inn riots

• The police raid of a gay club located on New York city's Christopher Street
• Turns violent as patrons and local sympathizers began rioting against the police