Past to Present
Published on Nov 19, 2015
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PRESENTATION OUTLINE
Past to PResent
Evolution of the Hardware
1875-Elisha gray
- Accidently discovered self vibrating electromagnetic circuit
- Circuit led to invention of first basic single note oscillator
- a Quaker from rural Ohio who grew up on a farm.
- granted over seventy patents for his inventions
- ounded the Western Electric Manufacturing Company
1899-Singing Arc
- Turned the noise emitted by a carbon arc lamp into a novelty musical instrument
- controlled by a keyboard
- enabled the player to change the arc’s rate of pulsation
- Changing the rate of pulsation produced notes
1902-Teleharmonium
- Developed by Thaddeus Cahill in 1897
- signal from Telharmonium was transmitted over wires
- heard on the receiving end by means of 'horn' speakers.
- known as an early electronic organ
1915-Audion piano
- created by Lee De Forest , The self styled “Father Of Radio”
- invented the triode electronic valve or ‘Audion valve’
- the first vacuum tube instrument
- first instrument to use a beat-frequency or “heterodyning” oscillator system
- first to use body capacitance to control pitch and timbre
1919-Theremin
- invented in 1919 by a Russian physicist named Leon Theremin
- played without being touched.
- Two antennas each controlling pitch, and volume
- pitch gets higher when hand gets close to vertical antenna
- if you get close to horizontal antenna makes the volume softer.
1929-Hammond b3
- electric organ invented by Laurens Hammond in 1934
- uses additive synthesis of waveforms mad by harmonic series made by tone wheels
- There are two keyboards on the hammond organ
- hammond B-3 Organ was the monist widely used and known
- used in a lot of Blues music, Blues-Rock, and progressive rock music.
Photo by 1yen
1926-Pianorad
- created in 1926 by an inventor by the name of Huge Gernsback.
- polyphonic keyboard (play more than one note at a time)
- 25 LC oscillators which the Pianorad contained hooked up to loudspeaker
- sounds had no overtones and was purer than any other instrument.
1937-Melodium
- previewed in 1938
- monophonic touch sensitive keyboard instrument
- used extensively for film music and ‘light music’ during the 1940′s.
- comapred to that of Franklin’s Glass Harmonica
- not suitable for mass production
1939/1940-Vocoder & voder
- Voice Operated Recorder
- Voice Operation Demonstrator
- invented as result for telephone voice encryption
- NJ first successful attempt at analysing and resynthesising the humans voice
- Werner Meyer-Eppler noticed the relevance of the machines to electronic music
1940-Multimonica & harald bode
- Bode studied physics and natural philosophy at Hamburg University
- moved to Berlin in 1938 to complete a postgraduate course
- Around this time is when he created the Melodium
- in 1939 Bode worked on military submarine sound and wireless communication projects
- in 1947 built first post-war electronic instrument, the ‘Melochord’.
1948-Musique concrete
- meaning "concrete music" is a form of electroacoustic music that is made in part from acoustic sound.
- use other sources electronic synthesizers or sounds recorded from nature.
- based on production of electronically produced sounds rather than recorded sounds
- developed by Pierre Schaeffer, beginning in the early 1940s.
1948-free music machine
- created by musician and singer Burnett Cross and the Australian composer Percy Grainger
- “free music” since 1900: based on eighth tones and complete rhythmic freedom and unconventionally notated on graph paper.
- Graingers developing through process ^
- experimented with Theremins and changing speeds of recorded sounds on phonograph disks
- first experiments used a Pianola “player piano” controlling three Solovoxes by means of strings attached to the Pianola’s keys,
1959-oramics
- developed by the composer and electronic engineer Daphne Oram in the UK during the early 1960s.
- synchronised strips of 35mm film which covered a series of photo-electric cells
- controlled the frequency, timbre, amplitude and duration of a sound.
- direct relation of a graphic image to the audio signal
1959-side man
- Rudolph Wurlitzer produced drum machine called the Sideman in 1959
- 12 electronically generated predefined rhythm patterns with variable tempos.
- The sound source was a series of vacuum tubes which created 10 preset electronic drum sounds.
- different sets of rhythms and drum sounds created popular rhythmic patterns of the daywaltzes, fox trots
- panel of 10 buttons for manually triggering drum sounds
1959-RCA Mark 2
- built by Milton Babbitt and cost $500,000 to build.
- additional 24 oscillators and took up ten 19" racks.
- paper with holes for type of sheet music to create sound.
- works well, terrible sound
1963-Mellotron
- built in Birmingham, England, in the early 1960s.
- superseded the Chamberlin
- electro-mechanical, polyphonic tape replay keyboard
- concept of the Chamberlin was itself modeled after the Laff Box
- insert prerecorded laughs into TV and radio programs
1963-synket
- built by an Italian engineer Paul Ketoff in 1962
- designed for live performance of experimental music.
- a portable voltage-controlled synthesizer
- It was not marketed commercially
1967-moog
- Robert Moog is considered the father of analog synthesizers
- first Moog modular prototype was built in in 1964
- commercially available product line by 1967
- His synthesizers gave way to the modern ones we have today.
- sold between $2,000 and $10,000 for complete systems
1969/1979-EMS Synthesizers
- pic shows first commercial synthesizer,
- produced in 1969 by David Cockerell
- a versatile monophonic synth that retailed for 330 pounds
- 3 voltage controlled oscillators, a noise generator, etc...
1963-buchla synthesizers
- company was started by Don Buchla in 1963.
- uses modular system
- modular system is all of the parts of a synthesizer put together individually.
- his modular system can patch together different sounds
1975-synclavier
- early digital synthesizer (uses FM synthesis)
- first prototyped in 1973 (as the Dartmouth Digital Synth.)
- first 16-bit polyphonic digital sampling system
- gave studios new recording capabilities they didn't have before.
1980-Tr 808/tb 303
- TR 808-drum machine that revolutionized music
- gave house, techno and hip-hop the language it still speaks today.
- went out of production in 1983
- TB-303-bass synthesizer with a built-in sequencer
- designed for bands or guitarists practicing without a bass player.
1983-yamaha dx7
- digital programmable algorithm synthesizer
- came out in 1983, sporting the new MIDI interface.
- DX7 and FM synthesis take off in a way the was unknown before for synthesizers.
- can be heard on many recordings, especially pop music from the 1980s.
kurzweil synth/samplers
- company launched the K250 synthesizer/sampler in 1984
- first really successful attempt to emulate the complex sound of a grand piano.
- inspired by bet with Ray Kurzweil and Stevie Wonder whether a synthesizer
- could sound like a real piano
