English Civil War

The Roundheads win the English Civil War

King Charles is captured, but eventually restored to the throne

But Charles is caught plotting against parliament again

SO HE IS EXECUTED FOR TREASON (1649)

Oliver Cromwell takes over as Lord Protector

Oliver Cromwell

• Got rid of the Monarchy
• Established republican form of government
• But then dissolves Parliament; establishes military dictatorship
• Seizes Ireland (which revolted); over 600,000 are killed
• Super unpopular; gets rid of Bear-fighting, alcohol, and Christmas

English Restoration

• Cromwell dies in 1658; his son (Richard) wants no part of it
• English bring back Monarchy
• Ask Charles II (Charles I's son) to be ruler of England

Charles II

• Made constitutional government between the Crown, Parliament, and the People
• Guaranteed Habeas Corpus
• Known as the "Merry Monarch"

Charles II dies, but he has no heir.

His brother, James II, takes the throne

James II

• Super unpopular
• Very Catholic; attempted to bring Catholicism back to England
• Claimed he was above the law

Two Political Factions form: The Whigs and the Tories

The Glorious Revolution (1688)

The Tories: Support King James II

The Whigs: Oppose king James II

Enter: William and Mary

William and Mary

• James II's daughter, Mary, was married to William of Orange (Prince of the Netherlands)
• The two were invited by Parliament to come to England and overthrow the King
• William of Orange comes to England with and Army to take the throw and restore Protestantism

James II flees to France to live with his cousin: Louis XIV

Glorious Revolution

• The King was overthrown without any bloodshed
• Protestantism restored
• Parliament's power increases
• England becomes and Constutional Monarchy (instead of Absolute Monarchy)

English Bill of Rights 1689

• Places limits on the Crown
• No suspensiion of Parliament laws
• Taxes without Parliament Consent
• No penalty for complaining about the King
• No Armies can be raised without the consent of Parliament
• Parliament must meet regularly