PRESENTATION OUTLINE
Genetic Trait-
A genetically determined condition or characteristic
Eukaryotic- having complex cells in which the genetic material is contained inside a nucleus.
Punnett Square- a chart used to determine the possible genetic outcomes for offspring of a given cross
Dominant Trait- a genetic trait passed from parent to child that is more likely to be expressed
Genotype- internal genetic coding passed on from one generation to the next.
DNA- found in the nucleus of a cell, a long nucleic acid molecule containing the genetic instructions for the development and functioning of all living organisms; abbreviation for deoxyribonucleic acid.
Recessive- a genetic trait that lacks the ability to manifest itself when a dominant gene is present.
Chromosome- rod-shaped structures found inside every cell of the body which contain genes, the information that determines all of an individual's characteristics. Normal human cells contain 46 chromosomes.
Heredity- Heredity occurs when parents pass genetic information to their offspring, which results in the offspring having physical traits similar to their parents’ traits
Gene- A gene is a piece of DNA that contains the information necessary for the cell to make one protein.
Allele- Alleles are different forms of the same gene. The symbols for the two alleles for the pea shape gene are R (for round peas) and r (for wrinkled peas). Symbols for the two alleles for the plant height gene are T (for tall plants) and t (for short plants).
Phenotype- The phenotype is the appearance of an organism due to the forms of genes (alleles) present. For example, pea shape can be round or wrinkled, plant height can be tall or short, and flower color can be purple or white.
Homozygous- An individual with two copies of the same allele is homozygous for that gene. For example, RR is a homozygous dominant genotype, and rr is a homozygous recessive genotype.
Heterozygous- An individual with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. For example, the Rr genotype is heterozygous.
Prokaryote- Prokaryotes are microscopic organisms that do not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.
