Owen's Period Six
AP World History Key Concepts Period 6
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Key Concept 6.1 Science and the Environment
I. Researchers made rapid advances in science that spread throughout the world, assisted by the development of new technology.
A. New modes of communication and transportation virtually eliminated the problem of geographic distance.
As the phone was invented by Edison early in the 19th, it revolutionized the world. Planes and cars changed methods of transportation. The Internet sped up communication and further connected the global world.
B. New scientific paradigms transformed human understanding of the world (such as the theory of relativity, quantum mechanics, the Big Bang theory or psychology).
Einstein makes a brake through with the Theory of general relativity and quantum mechanics takes of because of that. Scientists also delve into the origin of the universe
Photo by Joelk75
C. The Green Revolution produced food for the earth’s growing population as it spread chemically and genetically enhanced forms of agriculture.
A series of research, development, and change led by Norman Borlaug which saved millions if not billions from starvation. It included expansion of irrigation, mechanization of farming and genetically engineered Crops.
Photo by VinothChandar
D. Medical innovations (such as the polio vaccine, antibiotics or the artificial heart) increased the ability of humans to survive.
The polio vaccine developed in 1952 by Jonas Salk helped save many live from the rampant Polio virus. The artificial heart built in 1987 by Willem Johan Kolff and Robert Jarvik saved those who could not get heart transplants
Photo by Sheep purple
E. New energy technologies (such as the use of oil or nuclear power) raised productivity and increased the production of material goods.
Oil and Nuclear power far surpass the previous Charcol as methods for priducing power and helped en the worlds energy crisis
Photo by T-Town Photo Booth
II. Humans fundamentally changed their relationship with the environment.
A. Humans exploited and competed over the earth’s finite resources more intensely than ever before in human history
Nations fight and argue over land with the valuable black gold: crude oil deposits
Photo by Graffiti Land
B. Global warming was a major consequence of the release of greenhouse gases and other pollutants into the atmosphere.
The release of greenhouse gasses from burning coal and gasoline eats away at the ozone layer making the earth more vulnerable to radiation from the sun
Photo by Werner Kunz
Pollution threatened the world's supply of water and clean air. Deforestation and desertification were continued consequences of the human impact on the environment. Rates of extinction of other species accelerated sharply.
People, through ignorance, we're using the planet as a trash can. Poor farming methods and the cutting down of entire forests was turning parts of the world desolate. Some species of animal were either over hunted or had their habitat destroyed and went extinct.
Photo by subhramani
III. Disease, scientific innovations and conflict led to demographic shifts.
A. Diseases associated with poverty (such as malaria, tuberculosis or cholera) persisted, while other diseases (such as the 1919 influenza pandemic, ebola or HIV/AIDS) emerged as new epidemics and threats to human survival. In addition, changing lifestylest
Because of the poor conditions of poor people (pun) the slums they lived in were dirty and disease was rampant. Many outbrakes occurred killing millions. This were major threats for a long time.
Photo by euthman
B. More effective forms of birth control gave women greater control over fertility and transformed sexual practices.
More birth control methods arrived in this age such as condoms and the pills helped woman control how often they had children. This also allowed people to shy away from the old "pattern method"
Photo by gregoryrallen
C. Improved military technology (such as tanks, airplanes or the atomic bomb) and new tactics (such as trench warfare or firebombing) led to increased levels of wartime casualties (such as Nanjing, Dresden or Hiroshima).
As technology advanced so did the lethality of weapons. This was evident I'm WWII which had massive casualties due to flamethrower so tanks machine guns airplanes gas attaches trench warfare and the atom bomb. The bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki are prime examples of the power of then new weapons
Photo by Airwolfhound
Key Concept 6.2 Global Conflicts and Their Consequences
I. Europe dominated the global political order at the beginning of the 20th century, but both land-based and transoceanic empires gave way to new forms of transregional political organization by the century’s end.
A. Older land-based empires (such as the Ottoman, Russian or the Qing) collapsed due to a combination of internal and external factors (such as economic hardship, political and social discontent, technological stagnation or military defeat).
The older empires begin to fall apart around this time due to their lack of innovation. They are just left behind and the people know it and can't stand it. They either fall apart on their own or are easily conquered
Photo by NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center
B. Some colonies negotiated their independence (such as India or the Gold Coast from the British Empire).
It wasn't all war in this period, some places such as the Gold Coast simply negotiated their independence from their mother countries
Photo by BiblioArchives / LibraryArchives
C. Some colonies achieved independence through armed struggle (such as Algeria and Vietnam from the French empire or Angola from the Portuguese empire).
Wars and battles were fought over countries and whether or not they could separate from their old rulers. Vietnam is a prime example.
Photo by nattu
II. Emerging ideologies of anti-imperialism contributed to the dissolution of Empires.
A. Nationalist leaders (such as Mohandas Gandhi, Ho Chi Minh or Kwame Nkrumah) in Asia and Africa challenged imperial rule.
Ho Chi Minh (born Nguyen That Thanh) fought for Vietnamese Independence for much of the 20th century. Gandhi also protested and fought against appartheid in Africa
Photo by the-tml
B. Regional, religious and ethnic movements (such as that of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the Quebecois separatist movement or the Biafra secessionist movement) challenged both colonial rule and inherited imperial boundaries.
Religious movements brought forth new ideas and beleifs that challenged old rule
Photo by sgwarnog2010
C. Transnational movements (such as communism, Pan-Arabism or Pan-Africanism) sought to unite people across national boundaries.
People were begginig to get together based on their herritage and not boreders to promote peace and unity
D. Within states in Africa, Asia and Latin America, movements promoted communism and socialism as a way to redistribute land and resources.
The Red beast of communism took advantage of this turmoil in order to spread its influence into africa
Photo by fusion-of-horizons
III. Political changes were accompanied by major demographic and social consequences.
A. The redrawing of old colonial boundaries led to population resettlements (such as the India/Pakistan partition, the Zionist Jewish settlement of Palestine or the division of the Middle East into mandatory states).
Boundries of colonies were redrawn so populations of people were not sepperated
Photo by John Englart (Takver)
B. The migration of former colonial subjects to imperial metropoles (such as South Asians to Britain, Algerians to France or Filipinos to the United States) maintained cultural and economic ties between the colony and the metropole even after the dissolution of empires.
As former residents of Colonies moved inward, the connections between the two locations remaned
Photo by Leonard Bentley
C. The proliferation of conflicts led to genocide (such as Armenia, the Holocaust, Cambodia or Rwanda) and the displacement of peoples resulting in refugee populations (such as the Palestinians or Darfurians).
As people Moved around conflicts also brewed and some broke with majors consequinces such as the genocide of an entire people
Photo by lewishamdreamer
IV. Military conflicts occurred on an unprecedented global scale.
A. World War I and World War II were the first “total wars.” Governments used ideologies, including fascism, nationalism and communism, to mobilize all of their state’s resources, including peoples, both in the home countries and the colonies or former colonies (such as the Gurkha soldiers in India or the ANZAC troops in Australia), for the purpose of waging war. Governments also used a variety of strategies, including political speeches, art, media and intensified forms of nationalism, to mobilize these populations.
As the world globalized and Weapons advanced a global war was inevitable. two wards absobles countries reasources, animosities, and the lives of the innocent
Photo by archer10 (Dennis) REPOSTING
B. The varied sources of global conflict in the first half of the century included: imperialist expansion by European powers and Japan, competition for resources, ethnic conflict, great power rivalries between Great Britain and Germany, nationalist ideologies, and the economic crisis engendered by the Great Depression.
There were many causes of the wars. Imerialism and competition bred the conflicts that started it all along with new ideologies and the crisis that is the great depressions affect on the world economy
Photo by vaticanus
C. The global balance of economic and political power shifted after the end of World War II and rapidly evolved into the Cold War. The United States and the Soviet Union emerged as superpowers, which led to ideological struggles between capitalism and communism throughout the globe.
After WW2 some threats were eliminated econically while the US and USSR both skyrocketed in power and soon fought againt each other in the cold war
Photo by Peer.Gynt
D. The Cold War produced new military alliances, including NATO and the Warsaw Pact, and promoted proxy wars in Latin America, Africa and Asia.
After the Cold war, new alliances and organizations formed to stop more wars from coming which was successful in the North western world but other areas still had conflicts
Photo by archer10 (Dennis) REPOSTING
E. The dissolution of the Soviet Union effectively ended the Cold War.
After the soviet Uninion fell appart the iron curtain fell and the war ended, not much to say really
Photo by UJMi
V. Although conflict dominated much of the 20th century, many individuals and groups — including states — opposed this trend. Some individuals and groups, however, intensified the conflicts.
A. Groups and individuals challenged the many wars of the century (such as Picasso in his Guernica, the antinuclear movement during the Cold War or Thich Quang Duc by self-immolation), and some promoted the practice of nonviolence (such as Tolstoy, Gandhi or Martin Luther King) as a way to bring about political change.
As oppsoed to the normal change by violence new non violent movements were also increasingly common during this time period
Photo by cliff1066™
B. Groups and individuals opposed and promoted alternatives to the existing economic, political and social orders (such as the Non-Aligned Movement, which presented an alternative political bloc to the Cold War; the Tiananmen Square protesters that promoted democracy in China; the Anti-Apartheid Movement; or participants in the global uprisings of 1968).
C. Militaries and militarized states often responded to the proliferation of conflicts in ways that further intensified conflict (such as the promotion of military dictatorship in Chile, Spain and Uganda; the United States’ promotion of a New World Order after the Cold War; or the buildup of the “military-industrial complex” and arms trading).
Whenever the military butted in and tried to help out with the spreading conflicts, it just never worked. in fact, it made things worse!
Photo by Richard John Pozon
D. More movements (such as the IRA, ETA or Al-Qaeda) used terrorism to achieve political aims.
Not much to say, read the slides. People didnt get what they want so they resorted to the violent messres of terrorism
Photo by Israel Defense Forces
E. Global conflicts had a profound influence on popular culture (such as Dada, James Bond, Socialist Realism or video games).
The conflicts did put special forces such as spies into the lime light. spawning the popular james bond series
Photo by Samad Jee ( www.pakmusic.net )
I. States, communities and individuals became increasingly interdependent, a process facilitated by the growth of institutions of global governance.
A. New international organizations (such as the League of Nations or the United Nations) formed to maintain world peace and to facilitate international cooperation.
As the world became more and more interdependent, organizations were made to keep peace and resolve conflicts
Photo by Matt. Create.
B. New economic institutions (such as the IMF, World Bank or WTO) sought to spread the principles and practices associated with free market economics throughout the world.
C. Humanitarian organizations (such as UNICEF, the Red Cross, Amnesty International, Doctors Without Borders or WHO) developed to respond to humanitarian crises throughout the world.
Intsitution with modern first world values that promoted advanced society such as humanitarian opperations and economic institutions spread around the world
Photo by Beverly & Pack
D. Regional trade agreements (such as the European Union, NAFTA, ASEAN or Mercosur) created regional trading blocs designed to promote the movement of capital and goods across national borders.
Photo by QXZ
E. Multinational corporations (such as Royal Dutch Shell, Coca-Cola or Sony) began to challenge state authority and autonomy.
As international Coorparations grew and expanded, the challenged states authority and Autonomy by acting independantly
Photo by JD Hancock
F. Movements throughout the world protested the inequality of environmental and economic consequences of global integration.
all over people were fed up with not being integrated and the inequality that results from it. They protested the governments Falacies
II. People conceptualized society and culture in new ways; some challenged old assumptions about race, class, gender and religion, often using new technologies to spread reconfigured traditions.
A. The notion of human rights gained traction throughout the world (such as the U.N. Universal Declaration of Human Rights, women’s rights or the end of the White Australia Policy).
Photo by dualdflipflop
B. Increased interactions among diverse peoples sometimes led to the formation of new cultural identities (such as negritude) and exclusionary reactions (such as xenophobia, race riots or citizenship restrictions).
Bad things also came from the increased integration, the new cultural identities also reared exclusionary reactions such as citizenship restrictions
Photo by Conference Basics
C. Believers developed new forms of spirituality (such as New Age Religions, Hare Krishna or Falun Gong) and chose to emphasize particular aspects of practice within existing faiths and apply them to political issues (such as fundamentalist movements or Liberation Theology).
Photo by Eddi van W.
III. Popular and consumer culture became global.
A. Sports were more widely practiced and reflected national and social aspirations (such as World Cup Soccer, the Olympics or cricket).
Sports were practiced internationally and were revered as a place where the worlds nations could compete in a friendly way such as the Olympics. As a result, the common people enjoyed them more aswell
Photo by ecstaticist
B. Changes in communication
As the world became more advanced more advanced communications was necessary. the telegraph was soon replace by the phone and Televisions got upgraded to spread news to the public
Photo by Stéfan
THE END
Photo by Massimo Valiani
