NITROGEN

WHAT IS NITROGEN?

• Nitrogen is an Element that is found in Group 15 on the Periodic Table of Elements
• It is a gas
• Listen to our presentation to find out more about Nitrogen!

THE DISCOVERY OF NITROGEN

• Nitrogen was first used by Egyptian Alchemists by heating mixed dung, urine, and salt to form Ammonium Chloride
• Nitrogen was obtained by Henry Cavendish and Joseph Priestly in a jar and conducted a test on its support for living beings
• This process was repeated by Daniel Rutherford who officially is credited for discovering the element
• The date that Nitrogen was added to the periodic table was not found in our research

WHERE IS NITROGEN FOUND?

• Nitrogen dominates the gases in the atmosphere by making up 78% of the air
• 30 million tons of gaseous nitrogen are produced per year for industrial purposes

LIQUID NITROGEN

• Nitrogen is found in Liquid Nitrogen (hence the name)
• Liquid nigrogen is produced through a process of Fractional Distillation
• Liquid Nitrogen is used to freeze biological specimens and food

USED AS SUBSTANCE PROTECTION

• Used to prevent Wine Oxidation
• Put on fruit to lengthen lifespan

ROLE IN BIOLOGY

• Found in proteins and nucleic acids
• Used in cells
• Carry genetic information for reproduction
• Found in neurotransmitters

USE IN WEAPONS

• In Germany, Fritz Haber discovered that nitrogen can directly bind with hydrogen atoms to form Ammonia if it is under a very high temperature.
• Ammonium Nitrate creates a very reactive compound when mixed
• Proved to be crucial because ammonia was used in Nitric Acid, which was a chemical that was needed to make explosives

MISC. USES

• Used in Oil Production to pump out the air- can't use another gas because of their reactive properties
• Isotopes in Nitrogen are used for pet scanning

CHEMICAL MAKEUP

• Nitrogen heads the family of elements that make up the group VA (15) on the Periodic Table of Elements.
• Has 7 Protons and 7 Neutrons
• Nitrogen is a noble gas
• Nitrogen is relatively inert, without color, taste or odor.
• Unreactive, Rather stable doesn't react/ make compounds with other elements
• Creates compounds with other elements that are very unstable and reactive

CHEMICAL MAKEUP (CONTINUED)

• Melting Point -209.9 C Boiling Point -995.8 C
• Has 3 or 5 valence electrons (used for bonding)

BIBLIOGRAPHY

• Stwertka, Albert. "Nitrogen." A Guide to the Elements. New York: Oxford UP, 2002. 41-46. Print.
• Newton, David E., and Lawrence W. Baker. "Nitrogen." Chemical Elements: From Carbon to Krypton. Vol. 2. Detroit: U·X·L, 1999. 381-90. Print. Chemical Elements.
• Gray, Theodore W., and Nick Mann. "Nitrogen." The Elements: A Visual Exploration of Every Known Atom in the Universe. New York: Black Dog & Leventhal, 2009. 27-30. Print.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

• Emsley, John. "Nitrogen - Element Information, Properties and Uses | Periodic Table." Royal Society of Chemistry. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2012. Web. 12 Jan. 2016.
• Winter Mark. "Nitrogen Historical Information". WebElements. The University of Sheffield, 1993-2015. Web. 12 Jan. 2015.
• Wandell, Adam. "Chemistry of Nitrogen." Chemwiki. UC Davis, 2013. Web. 17 Jan. 2016.

THANK YOU!