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Neurons

Published on Dec 05, 2015

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PRESENTATION OUTLINE

1.

Chapter 2

The Biological Perspective
Photo by TheJCB
2.

The nervous system is the pathway for communication in the body.

Photo by Damian Gadal
3.

It consists of cells that carry information to & from all parts of the body.

Photo by 96dpi
4.

A neuron is the specialized cell within the nervous system.

Photo by morphogencc
5.

Its job is to send and receive messages.

Photo by Jon Chevier™
6.

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7.

Our brains are only 10% neurons....

Photo by Leo Reynolds
8.

The other 90% is glial cells!

Photo by Myelin Repair Foundation
9.

Glial cells:

  • provide structure
  • provide nutrients to neurons
  • clean up dead neurons
  • insulate neurons
  • new research indicates a role in d/o's
Photo by n0cte
10.

Myelin is a protective covering that protects the axon on a neuron.

It is made of a fatty substance.

Photo by Pazit Polak
11.

The myelin sheath insulates, protects, & speeds up the neural message!

Photo by arbyreed
12.

Action Potential

Photo by djking
13.

At rest, cells have potential energy in the (+) & (-) ions in & outside the cell.

Photo by N.gawa
14.

During action potential, the neuron is stimulated, causing the electrical charge to reverse.

Photo by EMSL
15.

Neurons either fire full strength, or not at all.

Photo by kevin dooley
16.

This is "all-or-none" fashion.

Photo by Kerri Lee Smith
17.

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Photo by lednichenkoolga
18.

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19.

Parts of the Synapse

  • Synaptic knob-end of axon
  • Synaptic vesicle-sacs that hold neurotransmitters (NTs)
  • NT-chemical that effects the next neuron in the chain
  • Synapse-gap between neurons
  • Receptor site-on receiving neuron, shaped so the NT can fit (like a key)
20.

The NTs FLOAT across the synapse!

Photo by O.S. Fisher
21.

NTs can be excitatory or inhibitory....

Photo by lecates
22.

Excitatory NTs make the next neuron fire.

Photo by Leonard J Matthews
23.

Inhibitory NTs cause the next neuron to STOP firing.

Photo by Ian Muttoo
24.

Over 100 NTs have been ID'd!

Photo by brianjmatis
25.

The first was acetylcholine.

Photo by andrechinn
26.

Antagonists block or reduce a NT's effects.

Photo by e_monk
27.

Agonists enhance the effects of a NT!

Photo by Frank Boston
28.

Common NTs:

  • Acetylcholine
  • GABA
  • Serotonin
  • Dopamine
  • Endorphins
  • Glutamate
Photo by spilkie
29.

Acetylcholine- arousal, attention, memory, muscle contractions

Photo by jumfer
30.

GABA-inhibits movement, helps sleep

Photo by anieto2k
31.

Serotonin-mood, sleep, appetite

Photo by Key Foster
32.

Dopamine-controlling movement, pleasure

Photo by Imagens Evangélicas
33.

Endorphins-pain relief

Photo by JGPhotography2000
34.

Glutamate-learning, memory, brain development

Photo by betta design
35.

Too little dopamine=Parkinsons Disease
Too much=Schizophrenia

Photo by eugenio ibiapina parente
36.

Reuptake is the process where NTs are taken back up in the synaptic vesicles.

Photo by The Slushey One
37.

Drugs like cocaine block the reuptake process.

Photo by jackol
38.

Acetylcholine does not get taken up.

Photo by c_ambler

Steph Moore

http://samoore@nemcc.edu