ALEC BEATON

NAPOLEAN

BIRTH

IMPACT

NOTEABLE ACCPOMPLISHMENTS

• Started a new French empire.
• Conqoured Egypt, Prussia, Austria and Russia.
• A new revolution was started and Russia took back its territories
• Napolean revolts again and becomes emperor again.
• Napolean fought at Waterloo and lost, he retreats to France when they capture him and drop him off on a island or cay.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

FAMILY

EARLY CARRER

SIEGE OF TOULON

The Italian campaign was to halt the invasion of Italy from Austria. In return, Napolean defeated the Piedmont and invaded Austria, supporting his ally.

Egyptian expedition, Napolean took Alexandria after planning and declared war on the Mamluk (Mam-Luke) empire, though his navy wasn't strong enough for the royal English navy, he seized Egypt and many other castles on land. After the siege of Malta, he travelled to the pyramids and defeated the Mamluk empire there. Horatian Hornblowers navy blockaded the Alexandria port and defeated French vessels along the Nile. Napolean declared war again on the Ottoman Empire and took a risk of taking another fort and marched to Paris.

Ruler of France.
Napolean retreated to Egypt and awaited his vessel. Many things went wrong in the war of the 2nd coalition and a new revolution was started a bit too early after the Napolan revolution. In 1797 - 1800, Napolean was focused on Diplomacy and trade, includeing he allied, Switzerland, Hanover and Bavaria.

A new French empire,
Napoleon was crowned by Pope Pius IV. Napoleon then claimed himself emperor and from a empire, he changed to a dictatorship. Napoleon spent time with his son and wife then looked at his great empire. He taught his son and told him stories about Alexander the Great, Gaius Julius Caesar, ect. He wanted his son to rule a empire once he died and also focused on his treasury.

War of the third coalition,
Britain had broken the peace of Amein and declared war on France, Austria and Russia joined the coalition. Napoleon had assembled an invasion force, the Armiee d'Angleterre, around six camps at Boulogne in Northern France. Napoleon planned to invade England though he never did because Cornwallis patrolled the seas between France and England and Napoleon forgot because of all the work he had to do.
200,000 men were organized, 40 cannons were limbered and 22,000 Hussars were ready for battle. Napoleon could not go anywhere by sea, the Royal Navy blockaded his ports and bombarded them. So, in Southern Germany Napoleon tried to defeat Austria's army before Russia could arrive. It was a success, Napoleon captured Vienna in...

In November. On December 2nd, the Battle of Austerlitz began. The allies (Britain, Russia, Prussia and Austria). Launched a major assault on Napoleon's right flank. Meanwhile, French reinforcements have arrived and retook the right flank, demolishing the allies. After the battle, Britain was shook by there defeat. The treaty of Pressburg gave France Bavaria and Austria, then Austria gave up the invasion in Italy, giving France also Italy.

MIDDLE EAST

War of the Fourth Coalition
Napoleon invented a new Napoleonic formation. The battalion square formation was used when enemy lancers or, hussars attacked. Napoleon then invaded Prussia with 180,000 troops rapidly and marched across the right bank of the river, Saale. At the battle of Jena and Auerstedt, known as a twin battle, France won these two battles and continued through Prussia before enemy reinforcements arrived. There were heavy casualties including 120,000 troops and over 2,000 cannons were captured. Prussia never accepted there peace treaty until Russia had arrived.

War of the fourth coalition, Tilsit
Napoleon marched from Berlin to Poland to battle the Russians. He battled them at the battle of Eylau after winter. Napoleon then had another overwelming victory at the battle of Friedland. Wiping out the Russians in s huge struggle, lucky it was summer, otherwise Napoleon and his army would freeze in the weather. Meanwhile in the town of Tiltset, Czar Alexander wanted peace negotiations and wrote the new border on a map. Czar told Napoleon that he hated the English as much as Napoleon did.

The Peneinsula War
After Napoleon's brother had Spain in his hands, Napoleon focused on Portugal. 24,000 troops invaded Portugal. Marshal Murate then led 120,000 troops to Madrid, Spain the Capitol. Many riots occurred in Madrid and they continued. Napoleon appointed his brother King of Spain. The French were finally defeated at The Battle of Balien. The French sent 80,000 more troops to Madrid to defend the attack from Britain and pushed them out of Spain into Morocco. The war still lasted another two years and Wellington sent in a upgraded-army of new trained troops and Riflemen. The war transforms into Gorilla warfare in the mountains. The French needed support to attack Russia. After sending reinforcements and focusing on Eastern Europe, the allies (Britain, Spain, ect) took back the Iberian Penninsula. Napoleon didn't want it as much anyway.

War of the Fifth Coalition
Austria declared war on France for its land in Italy. Austria could not use any allied support from Russia for attacking Sweden and Britain. The Austrians and its allies attacked Bavaria while most of Napoleon's forces were fighting revolts in Paris. Napoleon mobilized his forces and raced to Bavaria with the Imperial Foot Guards because he was in Paris and he did not have Time to pick what regiments could come and who couldn't. The French marched with more then 180,000 troops across Danube towards Austria. After the Battle of Wagram which lasted two days, that was Napoleon's largest battle of his career until then. Both sides launched major assaults on the Austrians flanks. Meanwhile the French launched a attack on the left wing of the Austrians. Napoleon finished the battle plunging a hole into the Austrians. Even though the Austrians lost 40,000 troops, the French were exhausted. In the Kingdom of Holland, the British launched the Walcheren campaign to open up a second front of the war. Due to the 'fever' over 4,000 British troops died due to the Walcheren fever. The resulting Treaty of Schönbrunn in October 1809 was the harshest that France had imposed on Austria in recent memory. Metternich and Archduke Charles had the preservation of the Habsburg Empire as their fundamental goal, and to this end they succeeded by making Napoleon seek more modest goals in return for promises of friendship between the two powers.[127] Nevertheless, while most of the hereditary lands remained a part of the Habsburg realm, France received Carinthia, Carniola, and the Adriatic ports, while Galicia was given to the Poles and the Salzburg area of the Tyrol went to the Bavarians.

Napoleon finished the battle plunging a hole into the Austrians. Even though the Austrians lost 40,000 troops, the French were exhausted. In the Kingdom of Holland, the British launched the Walcheren campaign to open up a second front of the war. Due to the 'fever' over 4,000 British troops died due to the Walcheren fever. The resulting Treaty of Schönbrunn in October 1809 was the harshest that France had imposed on Austria in recent memory. Metternich and Archduke Charles had the preservation of the Habsburg Empire as their fundamental goal, and to this end they succeeded by making Napoleon seek more modest goals in return for promises of friendship between the two powers. While most of the hereditary lands remained a part of the Habsburg realm, France received Carinthia, Carniola, and the Adriatic ports, while Galicia was given to the Poles and the Salzburg area of the Tyrol went to the Bavarians.

Invasion of Russia
The Congress of Erfurt sought to preserve the Russo-French alliance, and the leaders had a friendly personal relationship after their first meeting at Tilsit in 1807.On receipt of intelligence reports on Russia's war preparations, Napoleon expanded his Grande Armée to more than 450,000 men.In an attempt to gain increased support from Polish nationalists and patriots, Napoleon termed the war the Second Polish War—the First Polish War had been the Bar Confederation uprising by Polish nobles against Russia in 1768. Polish patriots wanted the Russian part of Poland to be joined with the Duchy of Warsaw and an independent Poland created. This was rejected by Napoleon, who stated he had promised his ally Austria this would not happen.

Invasion of Russia
The Russians avoided Napoleon's objective of a decisive engagement and instead retreated deeper into Russia. A brief attempt at resistance was made at Smolensk in August; the Russians were defeated in a series of battles, and Napoleon resumed his advance. The Russians again avoided battle, although in a few cases this was only achieved because Napoleon uncharacteristically hesitated to attack when the opportunity arose. Owing to the Russian army's scorched earth tactics, the French found it increasingly difficult to forage food for themselves and their horses.

Invasion of Russia
The Russian army withdrew and retreated past Mosassuming its fall would end the war and Alexander would negotiate peace. However, on orders of the city's governor Feodor Rostopchin, rather than capitulation, Moscow was burned. After five weeks, Napoleon and his army left. Early November Napoleon got concerned about loss of control back in France after the Malet coup of 1812. His army walked through the snow up till their knees and nearly 10,000 men and horses froze to death on the night of November 8/9 alone. After Battle of Berezina Napoleon succeeded to escape but had to abandon much of the remaining artillery and baggage train. On 5 December, shortly before arriving in Vilnius, Napoleon left the army in a sledge.

The French suffered greatly in the course of a ruinous retreat, including from the harshness of the Russian Winter. The Armée had begun as over 400,000 frontline troops, but in the end fewer than 40,000 crossed the Berezina River in November 1812.The Russians had lost 150,000 in battle and hundreds of thousands of civilians.

War of the Sixth Coalition
The allies reformed with Prussia, Sweden, Britain, ect. France had 350,000 troops to field in Audgust 1813, he deployed his forces in Germany. Despite these successes, the numbers continued to mount against Napoleon, and the French army was pinned down by a force twice its size and lost at the Battle of Leipzig. This was by far the largest battle of the Napoleonic Wars and cost more than 90,000 casualties in total. The Allies offered peace terms in the Frankfurt proposals in November 1813. Napoleon would remain as Emperor of France, but it would be reduced to its "natural frontiers." That meant that France could retain control of Belgium, Savoy and the Rhineland (the west bank of the Rhine River), while giving up control of all the rest, including all of Spain and the Netherlands, and most of Italy and Germany.l.

The ending of Napoleon
Napoleon withdrew back into France, his army reduced to 70,000 soldiers, and little cavalry; he faced more than three times as many Allied troops. The French were surrounded: British armies pressed from the south, and other Coalition forces positioned to attack from the German states. Napoleon won a series of victories in the Six Days' Campaign, though these were not significant enough to turn the tide. The leaders of Paris surrendered to the Coalition in March 1814.

Hundred days...
Separated from his wife and son, who had returned to Austria, cut off from the allowance guaranteed to him by the Treaty of Fontainebleau, and aware of rumours he was about to be banished to a remote island in the Atlantic Ocean, Napoleon escaped from Elba in the ship Swiftsure on 26 February 1815. He landed at Golfe-Juan on the French mainland, two days later.The 5th Regiment was sent to intercept him and made contact just south of Grenoble on 7 March 1815. Napoleon approached the regiment alone, dismounted his horse and, when he was within gunshot range, shouted, "Here I am. Kill your Emperor, if you wish." "Veiva le emperor" the French said. Then they marched to Paris to push out Louis.

Battle of Waterloo
By the start of June the armed forces available to him had reached 200,000, and he decided to go on the offensive to attempt to drive a wedge between the oncoming British and Prussian armies. The French Army of the North crossed the frontier into the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, in modern-day Belgium.Napoleon's forces fought the allies, led by the Duke of Wellington and Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher, at the Battle of Waterloo on 18 June 1815. Wellington's army withstood repeated attacks by the French and drove them from the field while the Prussians arrived in force and broke through Napoleon's right flank.

Napoleon returned to Paris and found that both the legislature and the people had turned violently on him. Realizing his position was untenable, he abdicated on 22 June in favour of his son. He left Paris three days later and settled at Josephine's former home in Malmaison. Coalition forces swept into France soon afterward, intent on restoring Louis XVIII to the French throne.

When Napoleon got word that Prussian troops had orders to capture him dead or alive, he fled to Rochefort, considering an escape to the United States. However, British ships were blocking every port. Finally, Napoleon demanded asylum from the British Captain Frederick Maitland on HMS Bellerophon on 15 July 1815.

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