music theory!

REPEAT SIGN, 1ST & 2ND ENDING

• Repeat signs:play/sing music again.
• 1st & 2nd Endings:2 more ways of indicating a repeat.
• Play or sing through the 1st ending to the repeat sign, and then go back to the beginning.
• When repeating, skip the 1st ending and play the 2nd.

EIGHTH NOTES & RESTS

• when you add a flag to a quarter note, it becomes and 8th note.
• two or more 8th notes are connected by a beam.
• in 2/4, 3/4, and 4/4 time:8th notes and rests are equal to one-half count.
• an 8th rest is equal to half a quarter rest.

DOTTED QUARTER

• Remember: a dot after a note increases its value by half it original duration.
• in 2/4,3/4,& 4/4, a quarter note recieves one beat.
• therefore, a dotted quarter note has a note value of 1& a half beats.

MUSIC THEORY!

DYNAMIC SIGNS

• dynamic signs indicate volume,or how loud or soft the musc should be played.
• the word PIANO in Italian mans soft
• the word FORTE means loud.
• MEZZO means moderately; ISSIMO means very.
• the most commomly used dynamic signs are ........

GRADUAL CHANGE IN DYNAMICS...

TEMPO MARKS

• tempo is an Itlian word meaning rate of speed.
• tempo marks tell you how fast or slow the music should be played.
• tempo marks are also written in Italian.
• EXAMPLES........

ARTICULATION

• notes can be performed in different ways.
• the mannor in which the note is performed is called articulation.
• legato is one form of articulation.
• EXAMPLES........

Da Capo - D.C. - Repeat from beginning.
Dal Segno - D.S. - Repeat from the sign...
Fine - Fine - The End
Coda - An Added Ending

MUSIC THEORY!

FLATS & SHARPS

• flat signs before a note lower the pitch by a half step.
• sharp signs before a note raise the pitch by a half step.
• when speaking of flatted or sharped notes, the word sharp or flat comes after the letter name.
• however, when written in music, the sharp or flat sign comes before the note.
• when a flat or sharp is attached to a line/space note, it is centered on the line/space.

NATURALS

• natural signs before a note cancle the previous sharp or flat.
• on a keyboard, a note after a natural sign is ALWAYS a white key.
• when speaking of natural notes, the word natural comes after the letter name.
• however, when writing it in music, the natural sign comes before the note.
• when a natural sign is attached to a line/space note, it is centered on the line/space.

WHOLE STEPS, HALF STEPS,& ENHARMONIC NOTES

• the distance from any key to the very next key above or below is a half step.
• the distance from any key to two keys above or below, is a whole step.
• many notes sound the same, but are written differently.
• these note are called enharmonic notes.