MODULE 6 TIMELINE

ANNEXATION OF HAWAII

• The annexation occurred January 17, 1893.
• The planters of Hawaii were plotting to overthrow their queen, while they were also asking the United States for protection.
• Without the approval of the president, US marines stormed the land.
• The Queen had no choice but to surrender.

MAINE EXPLOSION

• The Maine explosion occured February 15, 1898
• The USS Maine was an American Naval ship that sank in the Havana harbor during the Cuban revolt against Spain. This event became a major issue in the US.

SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR

• The Spanish-American War lasted from April 21, 1898 - August 13, 1898.
• This war was a conflict fought between Spain and the USA. Hostilities began after the explosion of the USS Maine. The United States came out of the war victorious.

BOXER REBELLION

• The Boxer Rebellion, was a violent anti-foreign and anti-Christian uprising that took place in China between 1899 and 1901.
• It was started by the Militia United in Righteousness, which was known to the English as Boxers.
• The uprising took place against a background of severe drought and the disruption caused by the growth of foreign spheres of influence.
• Empress Dowager Cixi supported the Boxers, and issued an imperial decree declaring war on foreign powers.
• The Eight-Nation Alliance, after being initially turned back, brought 20,000 armed troops to China, defeated the Imperial Army, and captured Beijing on August 14, lifting the siege of the Legations

OPEN DOOR POLICY

• The Open Door Policy was established September 6th, 1899.
• This policy was established for the protection and equal privelages of among countries trading with China and in support of Chinese territorial and administrative integrity.
• The United States almost completely approved of this policy.

FORAKER ACT

• The Foraker act was enacted April 12, 1900.
• This is a United States federal law that established civilian government on Puerto Rico.
• The first civil governor of the island under the Foraker Act was Charles H. Allen, inaugurated on May 1, 1900 in San Juan, Puerto Rico.

PLATT AMENDMENT

• The Platt Amendment was passed on March 2, 1901.
• It stipulated seven conditions for the withdrawal of United States troops remaining in Cuba at the end of the Spanish–American War, and an eighth condition that Cuba sign a treaty accepting these seven conditions
• On December 25, 1901, Cuba amended its constitution to contain the text of the Platt Amendment

PANAMANIAN REBELLION AGAINST COLUMBIA

• This event occurred November 3, 1903.
• With help from the government of the US, Panama decided to rebel against Columbia.
• To aid the rebels, the U.S. administered railroad in Panama removed its trains from the northern terminus of Colón, thus stranding Colombian troops sent to crush the insurrection.
• After a long time of negotiations, the Panamanians finally received their control of the Panama canal in 1999.

ROOSEVELT COROLLARY

• The Roosevelt Corollary was an addition to the Monroe Doctrine by President Theodore Roosevelt after the Venezuela Crisis. This was made in 1904.
• The corollary states that the United States will intervene in conflicts between European countries and Latin American countries to enforce legitimate claims of the European powers, rather than having the Europeans press their claims directly.
• Roosevelt stated that in keeping with the Monroe Doctrine, the United States was justified in exercising "international police power" to put an end to chronic unrest or wrongdoing in the Western Hemisphere.

RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR

• The Russo-Japanese war occurred from February 8, 1904 to September 5, 1905.
• This war was fought between the Russian Empire and the Empire of Japan over rival imperial ambitions in Manchuria and Korea.
• Japan offered to recognize Russian dominance in Manchuria in exchange for recognition of Korea as being within the Japanese, but Russia refused and demanded that Korea be a neutral buffer zone between the two of them. This made the Japanese decide to go to war.
• The Japanese Navy opened hostilities by attacking the Russian Eastern Fleet at Port Arthur with a surprise attack.
• The war concluded with the Treaty of Portsmouth, mediated by US President Theodore Roosevelt.

THE GREAT WHITE FLEET

• The Great White Fleet was the popular nickname for the United States Navy battle fleet that completed a circumnavigation of the globe from December 16, 1907, to February 22, 1909.
• It was made up of 16 battleships, which were divided into two squadrons.
• Roosevelt wanted to show everyone the American military and naval power, which is the reason he did this
• The hulls of these ships were painted a stark white, giving them the nickname Great White Fleet.

GENTLEMAN'S AGREEMENT

• A gentlemen's agreement is an informal and legally non-binding agreement between two or more parties.
• The Gentlemen’s Agreement between the United States and Japan in 1907-1908 represented an effort by President Theodore Roosevelt to calm growing tension between the two countries over the immigration of Japanese workers.
• Japan and the US had a treaty that allowed the Japanese to immigrate to the US, but when they made it to California they were treated badly by the Americans there.
• So they made a gentleman's agreement to rid themselves of this problem.

MEXICAN REVOLUTION

• The Mexican Revolution as a major armed struggle that occurred from 1910-1920 that changed the Mexican government drastically.
• Its outbreak in 1910 resulted from the failure of the 35-year long regime of Porfirio Diaz to find a way to win the election.
• Armed conflict drove Diaz from power and a new election was held in 1911, bringing Madero to the presidency.
• The revolution lasted most of the decade, with the final result being the abolishment of the old Mexican government, and also change in the social and economic systems.

SQUARE DEAL

• The Square Deal was President Theodore Roosevelt's domestic program, which he explained to the US in 1910.
• His policies reflected three basic ideas: conservation of natural resources, control of corporations, and consumer protection.
• These policies were aimed at helping middle class citizens and involved attacking plutocracy and bad trusts while at the same time protecting business from the most extreme demands of organized labor.

COMPLETION OF THE PANAMA CANAL

• The Panama Canal was completed in 1913.
• The canal was originally going to be put in Nicaragua, but the US decided otherwise because of their volcanism.
• Columbia refused to let the US build a canal in Panama, but since they were overthrown by the US, one was built.