Middle Ages

ANTI-SEMITISM

hatred of Jews

CHARLEMAGNE

Charles the Great; declared the New Roman emperor by the Pope.

CHARLES MARTEL

Mayor of the Palace, defeated the Muslims at the Battle of Tours

CODE OF CHIVALRY

Medieval knights' rules for behavior

CONCORDAT OF WORMS

Definition

• Agreement between the German king and Pope
• Only the pope could choose the church bishops
• Only the king could give government jobs to the bishops

CZAR

Means Caesar (Russia = Emperor); Began by Ivan the Great.

EXCOMMUNICATE

Excluding a person from church membership

FEUDALISM

Social System.  Landowning people governed and protected others in return for services.

FIEF

Land granted to a vassal or knight

FJORDS

steep-sided valley that is an inlet of the sea

FRANCIS OF ASSISI

founder of the first order of friars; missionary who helped the poor

GREGORY THE GREAT

sent missionaries throughout Europe to convert people to Catholicism

GUILD

business group organized by craftspeople

HENRY IV

Holy Roman Emperor who disagreed with the pope; excommunicated, lost his throne

HERESY

religious beliefs that conflict with church teachings

HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE

Definition

• Most of Germany and N. Italy
• Area awarded to Otto I by the Pope in 962
• Otto helped defeat the Magyars and the pope declared him emperor of Rome.

HUNDRED YEARS WAR

See power point in Middle Ages III.  Between Britain and France over control.

INQUISITION

Definition

• See detailed documents in Middle Ages II
• Method used by church to assert authority of people's behavior and beliefs.

ISABELLA AND FERDINAND

Rulers of Spain.  Catholic & persecuted anyone of a different belief, which led to the Spanish Inquisition.

JOAN OF ARC

French peasant during 100 years war; led France against England

KING JOHN

forced to sign the Magna Carta because he raised taxes and punished with no trial

MAGNA CARTA

Definition

• Charter the nobles forced King John to sign. Increased the rights of the people, ensured trial by jury. Ensured the king had to follow the laws
• Increased the rights of the people, ensured trial by jury.
• Ensured the king had to follow the laws as well.

MONGOLS

Many believe the Mongols were partly responsible for the Black Plague due to their extensive trade routes.

SALADIN

Egyptian ruler who united Muslims and warred with Christians

SERF

worked the lord's land

THE BLACK DEATH

Plague, probably Bubonic.  See resources in Middle Ages III.

THE CRUSADES

Several!  See resources in Middle Ages II.  Began when the Pope wanted to launch a "Holy War" against the Muslims in Jerusalem

THE LORD'S MESSENGERS

Inspectors sent by Charlemagne to ensure the counts were obeying his orders

THOMAS AQUINAS

priest who combined church teachings with those from Aristotle

VASSAL

noble who serves a lord of higher rank

VERNACULAR

local language used by people of a region

WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR

English King who created the Doomsday Book