MAPPING NOTES

Types of Maps

• Flat
• Globes

Topographic

TOPOGRAPHY

• “The arrangement of the natural and artificial physical features of an area.”
• “A detailed description or representation on a map of the natural and artificial features of an area.”

Contour Lines

• Equal points of elevation
• Show relief of an area (differences in elevation)
• Shape shows shape of feature (overhead view)

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Contour Lines

• Labeled w/ elevation
• In feet above sea level
• Color can represent same elevation

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Contour Lines (cont)

• Also made with 3-D relief or appearance of relief (illustrates elevation and texture)

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Contour Lines

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BENCHMARK

• Point on map with exact elevation indicated
• Exact elevation on brass or aluminum plate on ground
• On map: "BM" next to elevation to nearest foot (i.e. BM102)

SPOT ELEVATION

• Point on map with exact elevation indicated
• Elevations of points of significance
• Road forks, hilltops, lake surfaces, etc.
• Usu. indicated w/ small cross
• Black print--checked by surveyors Brown--unchecked by surveyors. Blue print--water elevation

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Map Scales

• Represent Distance
• Written or Verbal: Measurement as proportion (1 in = 1 mile)
• Graphical Scale: Line divided into equal parts

GRAPHICAL SCALE

Map Scales (cont)

• Fractional Scale: Shows proportion between map and actual distances (ie. 1:125,000 means 1 in = 125,000 inches on earth)

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SYMBOLS

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CONTOUR MAPS

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PROFILE

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DRAWING A PROFILE

PUBLIC LAND SURVEY SYSTEM

• Thomas Jefferson
• New west territory acquired
• Public Land to sell
• Excluding: Water basins, military land, national parks

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