MACROMOLECULES

• Mikaela McGee
• 5th period

MACROMOLECULES

• Macromolecules are large organic molecules.
• Also called Polymers
• 4 types:
• Lipids, Proteins, Carbs, and Nucleic Acids

LIPIDS

• A lipid is a fatty substance that isn't soluble in water.
• A lipid's monomers are called Triclycerides.
• Saturated- only single bonds (solid at room temp)
• Unsaturated - at least 1 double bond (liquid at room temp)

CHEMICAL COMP.

• Carbon
• Hydrogen
• Oxygen

FUNCTION

• Phospholipids for cells
• Stores energy
• Assists with buoyancy

EXAMPLES

• Meat, Fast Foods
• Vegetable Oil
• Butter, Steriods

EXAMPLES

• Vitamin A, Vitamin D
• Vitamin E, Vitamin K
• Waxes, Hormones

CARBOHYDRATES

• Molecules made as sugars.
• A carbohydrates monomer is called a monosaccharide.
• Can be a source for storage E in cells of organisms
• "Carbo" refers to carbon. "Hydrate" refers to water.
• Simple and Complex

CHEMICAL COMP.

• Carbon
• Hydrogen
• Oxygen

FUNCTION

• Providing energy
• Regulation of blood glucose
• Breaking down of fatty acids

EXAMPLES

• Pasta, Bread
• Milk, Cheese
• Beans, Cholesterol

EXAMPLES

• Fruits, Rice
• Potatoes, Chocolate
• Chitin

PROTEINS

• A.k.a. Polypeptides
• The monomers of proteins are amino acids.
• Two functional groups: Carboxyl and Amino
• Makes up over 50% of organism's dry weight

CHEMICAL COMP.

• Carbon
• Hydrogen
• Oxygen
• Nitrogen

FUNCTION

• Repair and Maintenance
• Energy
• Transportation of Molecules

EXAMPLES

• Cheese, Fish
• Poultry, Eggs
• Nuts

EXAMPLES

• Milk, Red Meats,
• Beans, Tofu
• Vegetables

NUCLEIC ACIDS

• They are biological macromolecules that are essential for all forms of life.
• The monomers are called nucleotides
• The polymers are DNA and RNA.

CHEMICAL COMP.

• Carbon
• Hydrogen
• Oxygen
• Nitrogen
• Phosphorus, Sulfer

FUNCTION

• Stores genetic material
• Transmits genetic material

DNA

RNA