MACROMOLECULES

Macromolecules
Macromolecules are large chemical combinations of atoms that are essential sources of energy, are storage for energy, and contain instructions for organisms.

CARBON

• Carbon is an essential element to all living things
• Carbon bonds with almost any element
• It's small, but is able to bond with almost anything
• Carbon bonds are also very flexible.
• Is able to change into many different shapes to bond.

PROTEINS

• Proteins are a compound of amino acids
• Essential to living things
• Made of carbon,hydrogen,oxygen,and nitrogen
• Their momomer is an amino acid.
• Proteins fold into compact shapes

PROTEINS(CONT.)

• The shape they fold into changes the combination of amino acids
• The combination of the amino acids determine the substance they make up
• Proteins make up enzymes which speed up chemical reactions
• Proteins are in antibodies that protect against infections and bacteria
• Proteins make up collagens that are structural. Make up skin, tendons, ligaments,bones

CARBOHYDRATES

• Carbohydrates(carbs)are sugars
• They are made of carbon, hydrogen,and oxygen
• Their monomer is a monosaccharide
• A monosaccharide is one sugar
• A disaccharide is two sugars

CARBS(CONT.)

• A polysaccharide is a long chain of sugars
• An example of a monosaccharide is glucose
• Some polysaccharides are starches and cellulose

CARBS FUNCTIONS

• Carbohydrates are used in sweeteners and flavoring
• Glucose,a monosaccharide,is is used in plant photosynthesis
• Carbohydrates are also in charge of breaking down fatty acids
• Identified as ring shaped

LIPIDS

• Lipids are fats, waxes, steroids, and phospholipids
• Phospholipids are found in cell membranes
• They are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
• Their monomer is 3 fatty acids and a glyceral

LIPIDS(CONT.)

• Lipids make up major parts of a cell such as membranes
• Lipids are used as protective layers in parts of the body
• Lipids also process and control some cell functions
• Identified with long carbon chains

NUCLEIC ACIDS

• Nucleic acids are DNA and RNA
• Made up of carbon,hydrogen,oxygen,nitrogen,and phophorus
• Their monomer is a nucleotide
• Identified with phosphate group
• Nucleic acids store and transfer information in the form of genetic code