MACROMOLECULES

LIPID

• A large, no polar molecule.
• Lipids are not soluble in water, only in hydrophobic solvents.
• A triglyceride composed of one glycerol and 3 fatty acid chains
• Lipids act as a cuticle on plants, pigments, and steroids.

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF A LIPID

• A lipid is made up of Carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O).
• Chemical symbol is CHO.

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FUNCTION OF A lIPID

• Long term energy storage.
• Protection against heat loss, or insulation.
• Major components of membranes, such as phospholipids
• Protection against water loss
• Chemical messengers, or hormones

EXAMPLES

• Phospholipids
• Fats
• Oils

EXAMPLES

• Waxes
• Steroids
• Triglycerides

CARBOHYDRATES

• Used by the body for energy and structural support
• Made of smaller subunits called monosaccharides
• Small sugar molecules to larger sugar molecules

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF A CARB

• A lipid is made up of Carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O).
• Chemical symbol is CHO, just like a lipid.

EXAMPLE

• Monosaccharide, such as glucose, deoxyribose, and ribose
• Disaccharide, such as sucrose, lactose, and maltose

EXAMPLE

• Polysaccharide, such as starch, glycogen, and cellulose

PROTEIN

• Amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF A PROTEIN

• Made up of Carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O(, and nitrogen (N).
• The chemical symbol is CHON

FUNCTION OF A PROTEIN

• Storage and transport
• Regulation and movement
• Structure and enzymes

MEAT

EGGS

NUCLEIC ACID

• Made of long chains of nucleotides linked by dehydration synthesis.
• Nucleotides include:
• Phosphate group, pentose sugar (5-carbon), and nitrogenous bases
• Adenine, thymine (DNA only), uracil (RNA only), cytosine, and guanine

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF A NUCLEIC ACID

• Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorous
• CHONP

FUNCTION OF A NUCLEIC ACID

• Make up the genetic information of the cells

DNA

RNA

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