WHAT IS A MACROMOLECULE?

• Molecule containing a very large number of atoms
• Examples: protein, nucleic acid, synthetic polymer

4 MAIN TYPES?

• Proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids

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• Substance that has a molecular structure consisting of a large
• # of similar units bonded together

WHAT HAPPENS IN HYDROLYSIS?

• When water is added,a bond is broken
• Stabilises bonds
• Large amount of energy (ATP) is released

WHAT HAPPENS IN CONDENSATION?

• Opposite of hydrolysis
• Energy is needed
• Bond is created when water is added

PROTIENS

• Monomers are amino acids
• Bonds are peptide bonds

CARBOHYDRATES

• Monomers are sugars
• Form glycosidic bonds

LIPIDS

• Monomers are glycerol or fatty acids
• Forms ester bonds

NUCLEIC ACIDS

• Monomers have monomers to make up DNA
• Most are nucleotides
• Form phosphodiester bonds between 5' and 3' carbons

HOW MANY AMINO ACIDS?

• 20 different ones in living things

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CONDENSATION REACTION

• Water is released
• Carbon bonds with nitrogen to stabilise

4 TYPES OF OF PROTEINS

• Primary: simple and unique shape
• Secondary: coiling into sheets
• Tertiary: folding of molecule through hydrogen bonds
• Quaternary: complex structure; interaction between 2 peptides

ENZYME

• Protein that accelerates the rate of a chemical reaction

AMYLASE 1

PEPSIN

TRYPSIN

LIPIDS

• Any of a class of organic compounds that are fatty acids
• insoluble in water; soluble in organic solvents

MONOSACCHARIDES

MONOSACCHARIDES

• Glucose
• Galactose
• Fructose

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DISACCARIDES

• Maltose
• Lactose
• Sucrose