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Machines

Published on May 28, 2016

Used with 8th grade physical science

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1.

Machines

Making work easier
Photo by Azzazello
2.

Types of Simple Machines:

  • Levers
  • Inclined Planes
  • Wheel and Axle
  • Pulleys
Photo by mendhak
3.

Levers

  • pivots at a fixed point called a fulcrum
  • used to apply a force to a load
  • three classes of levers
  • classes are based on placement of the fulcrum, the load and the input force
Photo by Salvatore Iovene
4.

What is a First Class Lever?

With the first class lever, the fulcrum is between the input force and the load. First class levers ALWAYS change the direction of the input force. Depending on the position of the fulcrum, first class levers can be used to increase force or to increase distance.
Photo by mstancik
5.

What is a Second Class Lever?

The load in a second class lever is between the fulcrum and the input force. Second class levers for NOT change the direction of the input force. But they allow you to apply less force than the force exerted by the load. Because the output force is greater than the input force, you must exert the input force over a greater distance.
Photo by Diana Beideman
6.

What is a Third Class Lever?

The input force in a third class lever is between the fulcrum and the load. Third class levers do NOT change the direction of the input force. They do NOT increase the input force. Therefore, the output force is ALWAYS less than the input force.
Photo by Frank Boston
7.

Inclined Plane

A straight, slanted surface, which aids in raising a load
Photo by Dougtone
8.

Screw

An inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder
Photo by the imagyst
9.

Wedge

A pair of inclined planes that move
Photo by cogdogblog
10.

Wheel and Axle

Consists of two circular objects of different sizes
Photo by nz_willowherb
11.

Pulleys

Consists of a wheel over which a rope, chain, or wire passes
Photo by vgm8383
12.

Fixed Pulley

This pulley only spins. It is attached to something that does not move.
Photo by garamt
13.

Movable Puley

Moves up with the load as the load is lifted
Photo by ultraBobban
14.

Block and Tackle Pulley

When a fixed pulley and a movable pulley are used together
Photo by TheTherapist
15.

Compound Machines

A machine made of more than one simple machine
A can opener is a common example of a compound machine. It seems simple but it is actually three machines combined. It is made up of a second class lever, wheel and axle, and a wedge.
Photo by Caro's Lines

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