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Liver

Published on Nov 19, 2015

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PRESENTATION OUTLINE

1.

LIVER

2.

SIZE AND LOCATION

  • An average adult liver weighs about three pounds. Located in the upper-right portion of the abdominal cavity under the diaphragm, the liver consists of four lobes. It receives about 1.5 quarts of blood every minute through the hepatic artery and portal vein.
3.

FUNCTION

  • Secretes bile, a substance needed to digest fats. Bile’s salts break up fat into smaller pieces so it can be absorbed more easily in the small intestine.
  • Destroys old red blood cells and produces waste that gives fecal matter its usual brown color.
  • Produces urea, a product of protein metabolism that is excreted in urine.
-Responsible for producing over 80% of cholesterol in the body

-Detoxifies the blood to rid it of harmful substances such as alcohol and drugs

-Stores the simple sugar glucose

-Converts stored sugar to usable sugar when the body’s sugar (glucose) levels fall below normal.

-Breaks down hemoglobin as well as insulin and other hormones

-Converts ammonia to urea, which is vital in metabolism
4.

OTHER FUNCTIONS

  • Metabolizes fats, proteins, carbohydrates, hormones, internal wastes, and foreign chemicals
  • Stores important nutrients (such as glycogen glucose), vitamins, and minerals
  • Purifies and clears waste products and toxins
  • Regulates and secretes substances important to maintaining body functions and health
  • It produces clotting factors, chemicals needed to help blood clot.
5.

DIGESTION

  • The liver plays an active role in the process of digestion through the production of bile. Bile is a mixture of water, bile salts, cholesterol, and the pigment bilirubin. Hepatocytes in the liver produce bile, which then passes through the bile ducts to be stored in the gallbladder. When food containing fats reaches the duodenum, the cells of the duodenum release the hormone cholecystokinin to stimulate the gallbladder to release bile.
6.

CONTINUED

  • Bile travels through the bile ducts and is released into the duodenum where it emulsifies large masses of fat. The emulsification of fats by bile turns the large clumps of fat into smaller pieces that have more surface area and are therefore easier for the body to digest.
7.

STRUCTURES

  • There are 4 distinct lobes – the left, right, caudate, and quadrate lobe. These lobes consist of a central vein surrounded hepatic portal veins and hepatic arteries. The blood vessels are connected by many capillary-like tubes called sinusoids that extend from the veins and arteries to meet the central vein like spokes on a wheel.
  • The peritoneum connects the liver in 4 locations: the coronary ligament, the left and right triangular ligaments, and the falciform ligament.
8.

Citations

Rebekah Lopez