LIMITED WARS

SPANISH CIVIL WAR

LONG TERM AFFECTS

• Weakness of government; king, power held by wealthy
• Political controls shifted
• Main parties are conservatives and liberals
• Role of the Spanish army; unpopular due to brutality,
• Expense, and required heavy taxes to maintain - ineffective

LONG TERM CONTINUED

• Role of church; powerful, brought education, for the economy
• It defended rights of the status of upper class and resented poor
• Economic causes; agriculture economy is inefficient due to seasons
• Anarchists argued for redistribution if land, need for moderization
• and reform

LONG TERM CONTINUED

• Role of regions; Basque and Catalonas wanted decentralization and
• independence
• Political opposition; Spain achieve little in conservative forces
• Small communist party emerged, anarchist argued for revolutionary methods
• and boycotted democratic losses,

LONG TERM CONTINUED

• Fall of the monarchy; did not resist the coup of General Primo de Rivera
• Alienated powerful elements if society, started various inforstructure
• like railways, roads, and electricity, however he resigned

Short Term Causes

• Left republic Apr 1931- Nov 1933; democratic declared a new constitution
• A democratic republic of all classes, addressed issues of churches power,
• President - Manuel Azaña
• There was civil unrest and violence,

SHORT TERM CONTINUED

• Right republic Nov 1933- Feb 1936; had centrist parties benefited from disunity
• of the left, Gil Obles ruled for 2 years, Church control restored education paid
• by state, threats increased form left

IMMEDIATE CAUSES

• Victory of left 1936 election; Spain polarized between 2 groups
• right was inspired by Hitler and Mussolini, left by Stalin

TACTICS

• tested out blitzkrieg
• Control of sea,
• Bomb raids
• Propoganda
• Tanks

CHINESE CIVIL WAR

LONG TERM CAUSES

• Socio economic factors: manchu dynasty ruled, vast majority peasant, peasant land reduced,
• driven to city due to poverty
• Political weaknesses and influences of foreign power: european humiliated and exploited china,
• forced to sign unequal treaties
• overthrow of the Manchu dynasty- death of emperor and Prince Chun, succession of 2 year old boy Pu Yi, october 1911 republic created

LONG TERM CONTINUED

• Rule of yuan Shikai: dictator, key issues revolution in 1911 unresolved,
• Reformed Guomindang(GMD)

SHORT TERM CAUSES

• Political weakness regionalism- the warlords of 1916-28: increasing lack of unity, abdication, controlled
• By warlords
• May fourth movement : in the course of this May Fourth Movement (五四运动, Wusi Yundong),.
• some 5,000 students from Peking University hit the streets to demonstrate against the Versailles Treaty
• Communist and nationalist: GMD made little progress, death of sun general took leadership of GMD, consistently encouraged to cooperate with nationalist USSR

SHORT TERM CONTINUED

• Attempt to unify china : the first united front - CCP + GMD wanted a unified China

IMMEDIATE CAUSES

• Not being unified
• Fight against warlord over the ideology divided by two parties
• Jiang expelled from all communist GMD attack on communists reached a
• peak in Shanghai

MALVINAS/FALKLANDS

LONG TERM CAUSES

• The legacy of the colonialism; more British living in Argentina than
• In the Falklands
• Falklands mean nothing to the British, meant everything to Argentinians
• British wanted them to turn it over

SHORT TERM CAUSES

• Military regime had serious economic problems; cut private sector,
• Attempted reviving private sector
• Political issues; General Leopoldo Galtieri came to power during the dec 1981 coup
• 1970s; murdered thousands in the dirty war
• Military Juntas; fascist style dictatorship, Margaret Thatcher became British Prime minister

SHORT TERM CONTINUED

• Before Thatcher, British in foreign office decided that the islanders interest
• In islands over the argentines
• Military causes; military lead Juntas to Falklands in 1976
• The British did seemed to not protect islands militarily

IMMEDIATE CAUSES

• Military; British and argentine navies responsible
• Argentine navy had 2 plans to take back Malvinas; Project Alphas and
• Operation Azul
• The invasion (Arp , 1982)- argentines attacked capital of Falklands/Malvinas
• Stanley

IMMEDIATE CAUSES CONTINUED

• Failure of diplomacy; the British armed forces created a massive naval task force
• British ambassador to the UN pushed through council resolution 502
• Brinkmanship

GULF WAR

LONG TERM CAUSES

• War between Iraq and Iran; popular revolution leading Ayatollah Khomeini in control
• Trigger for Sudam's invasion; invasion in Iran 1980
• Sudam needed to rebuild economy for political reasons
• End of war; civil unres, relationship between regime and Khomeini was supported
• by the U.S.

LONG TERM CONTINUED

• Decline of the soviet influence; key area of struggle between U.S and U.S.S.R
• 1990s- policy of new soviet leader influenced the area
• U.S steps into the vacuum to create a new peace treaty

SHORT TERM CAUSES

• Iraq's invasion of Kuwait; July 1990 disputes with more intensity, unwilling to
• cancel war debt.

LIMITED WAR

• A restricted war in terms of weapons, territories, and objectives
• Chinese Civil War- within nation, communists vs nationalists, no nuclear weapons
• Spanish Civil War- within country, republican vs democrats, no nuclear weapons
• Falklands- fought only in Falklands, Argentinians vs British, no nuclear weapons
• Gulf War- fraught in Middle East, Kuwait vs Iranians, no nuclear weapons