Language learning and Language using

L2 acquisition theories

• Grammar translation
• Audio-lingual
• Input/output
• Communicative approaches

Reconceptualization

• Languages can be learnt
• As well as taught effectively

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• Socio-cultural theory
• Interactionism &
• Connectionism

Recent history approaches:

• Promote communication
• Focusing on both:
• Meaning as well as Language

However:

• Form vs Meaning

Principles for CLL

• Language is a tool for communication
• Diversity is recognized as part of language development
• Learner competence: genre, style and correctness
• Multiple varieties of language are recognized
• Culture is instrumental

Principles for CLL

• No single methodology for LL and LT
• Goal: language using & language learning

Theory vs Practice

Unless learners use language for content...

Authentic interactive settings develop communicative skills

How can learners use a 2nd language

2 alternative approaches

• Language-led; imports parts of subjects
• Subject-led; explicit language teaching

Ideal:

• Integration of content
• And language positioned along
• A continuum which relates
• To the context

Content must be manipulated pedagogically

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• Learners need to be exposed to tasks
• So they focus on problematic grammatical forms
• Which can be used in meaningful situations
• Swain 2000

The integration of language, subject area knowledge