THE MAKING OF INDUSTRIAL SOCIety

Technological Innovations

• flying shuttle - John Kay
• steam engine - James Watt
• spinning mule - Samuel Crompton
• power loom - Edmund Cartwright

REASONS WHY PEOPLE WANTED TO MOVE TO THE CITies

• More jobs in the city with new factories
• Higher wages
• Better way of living

Working Conditions in factories

• managers of factories imposed strict work discipline and closely supervised employees
• working conditions were harsh
• workers lost status; not skilled, just wage earners
• harsh disciplines, fast pace of work, frequent accidents

CORPORATE LEADERS/BIG COMPANIES/MONOPOLIES

• John D. Rockefeller - Standard Oil Company and Trust, monopoly
• German firm - IG Farben - world's largest chemical company

PERCENTAGE OF PEOPLE LIVING IN RURAL COMMUNITIES & URBAN CENTERS

• 1800 - about 1/5 of the British population lived in towns and cities of 10,000 or more inhabitants
• The following century a largely rural society became predominantly urban
• 3/4 of the population working and living in cities

ROLE OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN

• Working women could not bring children to work in mines or factories, struggled to provide for family
• Middle class women expected to care for home and children, didn't work outside home
• Increased opportunities for women in domestic services such as being servants
• Many children forced to work in industry to support family, child labor

new social classes

• upper class - owners of big corporations, businesses
• middle class - managers, accountants, other professionals
• working class - mine & factory workers, unskilled, poorly paid

GOALS OF Trade unions

• Formed to represent interest of industrial workers
• Sought to advance the quest for a just and equitable society
• Fought for higher wages, better working conditions for members
• Wanted to make employers more responsive to their employees' needs
• Overtime, gradually improved the lives and working condition of people