Industrial Revolution begins

Life in England before the Industrial Revolution:

Cottage Industry: system of production where wealthy business owners would contract out work to people to complete in their own homes (or "cottages")

Enclosure movement begins: Wealthy landowners buy up and "enclose" farmland and experiment with "scientific farming".

Former farmers either worked for the new landowners, or were forced to move to the cities

Because of better sanitation and medicine, England began seeing a population boom, which leads to more potential workers.

Industrial Revolution Begins!

The Industrial Revolution begins in England because of its natural resources (coal and iron).

Untitled Slide

Coal was used to power the new powerful steam engines (invented by James Watt).

This made it so larger factories could operate, and not need to be near moving water (like the river).

Better technology, along with growing population in the cities led to enormous factories being built.

Eventually, large factories replaced the cottage industry.

The Industrial Revolution then spreads from England, to the rest of Western Europe and the United States

The Industrial Revolution increased the need for raw goods (cotton, steel, coal, wool, etc.).

Colonial Effects

• Colonies were used by their "parent countries" for raw goods
• Demand for slaves increased
• Increased demand for raw material from the Americas, Asia, and Africa
• European countries expand more to dominate these markets

Inventions that caused IR

• Steam Engine: Increase need for coal and other raw materials
• Cotton Gin/Spinning Genny: Increased market for cotton and wool
• Bessemer Process: Increased market for steel
• Smallpox Vaccine/Germ Theory: Increased Population

Inital Impacts

• Population increase
• Increased standard of living for many (not all): new middle clas
• Improved transportation
• Urbanization
• Enviornmental pollution
• Increased education