Identity Development

LGB Identification on Campus

General theories of Development

Cass's Model

Cass's Model, Continued

Implications of the Model

Criticism's of Early Models

• Sexual orientation is a Western concept
• LGBT identities are not stigmatized in all cultures.
• Some cultures don't expect an individual to come out.
• Early models largely ignore POC experience.

Fassinger's Model

Group and Individual Processes

• Awareness
• Exploration
• Deepening / Committment
• Internalization / Synthesis
• Each of these processes occur in both individual and group.

D'Augelli's Model

Identity Formation Variables

• Personal Actions and Subjectives
• Interactive Intimacies
• Sociohistorical Connections

D'Augelli's Model

• Exiting a Heterosexual Identity
• Developing a Personal LGB Identity
• Developing a Social LGB Identity
• Claiming an Identity as LGB Offspring
• Developing a LGB Intimacy Status
• Entering a LGB Community

Heterosexual Identity Development

The Multidimensional Model

Worthington's Statuses

• Unexplored Commitment
• Active Exploration
• Diffusion
• Deepening and Commitment
• Synthesis

Gender Identity

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Tony Porter - A Call to Men

• What is Tony Porter's message regarding masculinity?
• What aspects of Tony Porter's message manifest itself on a college campus?

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Gender Identity Development

Bem's Gender Schema

• Gender schema theory
• Sex typing is mediated by cognitive processing
• Theory rests on three findings.

“Thus, do cultural myths become self-fulfilling prophecies, and thus, according to gender schema theory, do we arrive at the phenomenon known as sex typing.”

Implications of Research

Transgender Identity Development

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Ethical Behavior

Ethical Concerns and Issues

• Most cited dilemma: justice, or treating other equally and fairly.
• You should expand your immediate and scan multiple environments.
• Consider the multiple aspects of ethical behavior when making decisions.

Strategies for Addressing Ethical Issues

Questions?