HISTORY FINAL

UNITED NATIONS

• An international orgaization of nations
• cooperate in further social progress
• pledged to promote world peace and security

POTSDAM CONFERENCE

• July 1945
• Carve out a plan to fight peace(map of Europe)
• Atlee, Truman, stalin

DOUGLAS MACARTHUR

• commander in chief of US forces in the Pacific Theater of operations
• fired for insubordination.

CONTAINMENT

• Strategy for cold war
• Stopping the spread of communism
• Defense strategy

TRUMAN DOCTRINE

• policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology

MARSHALL PLAN

• program of economic aid for the reconstruction of Europe

GEORGE C. MARSHALL

• Ww Ii general
• Secretary of State for Truman
• Devised the Marshall plan

BERLIN AIRLIFT

• June-July 1948
• June 12-road blockade
• Supplies brought in by airplanes
• $222 million dollars

NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION

• An alliance formed in 1949 by the United States and Western European nations to fight Soviet aggression.

IRON CURTAIN SPEECH

• Churchill speech
• Iron curtain over Soviet Union
• Westminster college, Fulton Missouri

GI BILL

• law passed in 1944 to help returning veterans buy homes and pay for higher educations

TO SECURE THESE RIGHTS

• report made in 1947 that highlighted the enormous problems facing the African Americans and proposed changes to these problems

JACKIE ROBINSON

• 1947- Brooklyn dodgers
• First black baseball player
• Dignified
• Death threats/ cat calls

1948 DEMOCRATIC CONVENTION

• Minneapolis mayor Hubert Humphrey urged his party to adopt a strong civil rights plank

NaTO

• an international organization created in 1949 by the North Atlantic Treaty for purposes of collective security

HUBERT HUMPHREY

• "The time has arrived in America for the Democratic Party to get out of the shadow of states' rights and walk forthrightly into the bright sunshine of human rights

DIXIECRATS

• southern Democrats who opposed Truman's position on civil rights.
• caused a split in the Democratic party.

STORM THURMOND

• dixiecrat from SC election of 1948

THE KOREN WAR

• 1945-1950
• Communism v democracy
• Soviet Union v u.n.
• After a long stalemate the 38th parallel was established as a boundary.

38TH PARALLEL

• Dividing line between North and South Korea

GENERAL MACARTHUR FIRING

• MacArthur writes a letter against Truman
• Truman angered
• Fires him

HOUSE UNAMERICAN ACTIVITIES COMMITTEE

• nvestigative committee of the United States House of Representatives

DWIGHT EISENHOWER

• Personally opposed the civil rights movement

ADLAI STEVENSON

• The Democratic candidate who ran against Eisenhower in 1952.
• His intellectual speeches earned him and his supporters the term "eggheads.

1952 & 1956 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS

• Eisenhower v. Stevenson
• Eisenhower v. Kefauver
• Eisenhower won both times

THE CHECKERS SPEECH

• A speech given by Nixon as acceptance of being Eisenhower's running mate
• discussed the accusations that he received illegal campaign donations.
• He stated the only thing he received was his dog, checkers

THE BABY BOOM

• An increase in population by almost 30 million people

JOSEPH MCCARTHY

• United States politician who unscrupulously accused many citizens of being Communists

BROWN V BOARD OF EDUCATION TOPEKA

• Sued school board
• Segregation in schools
• declared segregation in schools unconstitutional.

MASSIVE RESISTANCE

• Effort by southerners that they weren't going to desegregate schools

SOUTHERN MANIFESTO

• a document written by legislators opposed to integration.
• Most of the signatures came from Southern Democrats

EMMETT TILL

• 13 yr old black boy
• Money, Mississippi
• Flirts with white lady at store
• Kidnapped, body found in river
• Tortured( shot, beaten)

JIM CROW

• Separate everything
• Blacks v whites
• segregate blacks and whites in public and private facilities

LITTLE ROCK CENTRAL HIGH

• integrated the all white high school in Little Rock, Arkansas
• Nine students
• 1957

ROSA PARKS

• Her refusal to move for a white man on a bus started the Montgomery Bus Boycott.

MONTGOMERY BUS BOYCOTT

• Political/social protest.
• Started when Rosa Parks refused to move for a white man on a bus.

MLK JR

• Non-violent protest
• Civil rights leader
• Birmingham- effect for change

SOUTHERN CHRISTIAN LEADERSHIP CONFERENCE

• Organization formed by MLK in 1957 - mobilize the vast power of the black churches on behalf of black rights -Trained/tested ability to remain calm so they could participate nonviolently"

FEDERAL INTERSTATE HIGHWAY ACT

• $27 billion plan to build 42,000 miles of sleek, fast motorways

JOHN FOSTER DULLES

• Secretary of State(Eisenhower)
• Policy of boldness in 1954

NEW LOOK

• Threat of massive nuclear arsenal

BRINKMANSHIP

• Threats to use nuclear weapons in any conflict

LEVITTOWN

• In 1947, William Levitt used mass production techniques to build inexpensive homes in surburban New York

TELEVISION

• 1950s
• Glimpse of war

ROCK N ROLL

• Beat generation
• Blues/drumbeats
• Attracted teenagers

AMERICAN BANDSTAND

• TV show
• Dick Clark- host
• Philadelphia

FULGENICO BATISTA

• pro-American dictator of Cuba before Castro.

FIDEL CASTRO

• Communist leader in Cuba

NIKITA KHRUSHCHEV

• Leader of soviet union

THE KITCHEN DEBATE

• Moscow
• Summer 1959
• Nixon and Khrushchev
• Prototype of American kitchen

ICBM

• Travel between continents
• Missiles

SPUTNIK

• Russian rocket
• first artificial satellite launched by the Soviet Union

NASA

• Formed in 1958
• Mercury- first missile

MERCURY PROGRAM

• First Missile in nasa program

FRANCIS GARY POWERS

• American pilot whose CIA plane was shot down during a reconnaissance mission over Soviet Union airspace, causing the 1960 U-2 incident.

U2 SPY PLANE

• American U-2 spy plane was shot down over the Soviet Union.

JOHN F KENNEDY

• Strong supporter of the civil rights movement.

RICHARD M NIXON

• accusations that he received illegal campaign donations during eisenhower's campaign
• ran against Kennedy 1960

1960 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION

• Kennedy v. Nixon.
• Kennedy won

MISSILE GAP

• the difference in how much the United States had compared to how much the Soviet Union had in missiles

PEACE CORPS

• American volunteers worked in developing countries as teachers, engineers, and technical advisers

BAY OF PIGS

• April 1961
• Invasion of Cuba by Cubans exiled out of the country(1958)
• 1400 exiled Cubans land
• 100 killed, 1200 captured/prisoned
• Support of American bombers in air

THE BERLIN WALL

• June 1961
• Aug. 13- barbed wire in West Berlin
• 1961-62- building of the wall

CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS

• Missiles erected
• 13 days in negotiations
• Secret agreement
• Soviet Union withdraws missiles from turkey

KENNEDY ASSASSINATION

• Nov. 22,1963

LYNDON B JOHNSON

• Uses jfk's death to start a civil rights campaign

BIRMINGHAM JAIL LETTER

• MLK writes this letter
• explains the civil rights movement to critics.

EUGENE BULL CONNOR

• Police Commissioner
• Birmingham, AL
• racist
• used violence against the Children's March

GEORGE WALLACE

• Birmingham mayor
• Civil rights movement in Birmingham 1963

BIRMINGHAM PROTESTS

• attempt to desegregate citadel of segregation
• use of police dogs and fire hoses on nonviolent protesters;
• desegregation partially achieved

PROJECT C

• C= confrontation

MARCH ON WASHINGTON

• 1963
• Organized by A. Philip Randolph in support of Civil Rights Legislation.
• 200,000 people gathered for it.

I HAVE A DREAM SPEECH

• Speech appealed for the end of racial prejudice.
• 1963

BIRMINGHAM CHURCH BOMBING

• 1963
• 4 girls killed( 3(14), 1(11)

CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964

• 1964
• Legislative high point
• racial, religious, and sex discrimination by employers illegal
• gave government the power to enforce all laws governing civil rights