HISTORY AND GOVERNMENTS

HISTORY AND GOVERNMENTS

ANCIENT GREECE

• The earliest Greek civilizations began among farming and fishing.
• The people of Athens introduced the world's first democracy.
• During the mid-300s B.C., warfare weakened the Greek city-states.
• Philip II of Macedonia, conquered Greece.
• By about 130 B.C., the Romans had conquered most of the Greek Kingdoms.

ANCIENT GREECE

• The earliest Greek civilizations began among farming and fishing.
• The people of Athens introduced the world's first democracy.
• During the mid-300s B.C., warfare weakened the Greek city-states.
• Philip II of Macedonia, conquered Greece.
• By about 130 B.C., the Romans had conquered most of the Greek Kingdoms.

ANCIENT GREECE

• The earliest Greek civilizations began among farming and fishing.
• The people of Athens introduced the world's first democracy.
• During the mid-300s B.C., warfare weakened the Greek city-states.
• Philip II of Macedonia, conquered Greece.
• By about 130 B.C., the Romans had conquered most of the Greek Kingdoms.

HISTORY AND GOVERNMENTS

THE ROMAN EMPIRE

• Rome became a dominant power on the Italian Peninsula.
• Rome was led by two consuls who were elected by the citizens.
• The government's great achievement was the development of a code of laws.
• Roman armies began seizing territory throughout the Mediterranean region.
• As the Roman Republic expanded, it evolved into the massive Roman Empire.

THE ROMAN EMPIRE

• Rome became a dominant power on the Italian Peninsula.
• Rome was led by two consuls who were elected by the citizens.
• The government's great achievement was the development of a code of laws.
• Roman armies began seizing territory throughout the Mediterranean region.
• As the Roman Republic expanded, it evolved into the massive Roman Empire.

CHRISTIANITY

• Christianity was developing in Palestine in the eastern part of the Roman Empire.
• A Jewish teacher preached a message of love and forgiveness in Palenstine.
• Two early Christian leaders, Peter and Paul, established the Christian Church in Rome.
• Roman officials at first mistreated Christians.
• Christianity grew in population and became Rome's official religion in A.D. 392.

CHRISTIANITY

• Christianity was developing in Palestine in the eastern part of the Roman Empire.
• A Jewish teacher preached a message of love and forgiveness in Palenstine.
• Two early Christian leaders, Peter and Paul, established the Christian Church in Rome.
• Roman officials at first mistreated Christians.
• Christianity grew in population and became Rome's official religion in A.D. 392.

ROME'S DECLINE

• By the late A.D. 300s, the rivals struggled to become emperor.
• About A.D. 395, the empire was divided into eastern and western parts.
• Germanic leaders overthrew the last emperor in Rome and Western Roman Empire came to an end.
• Rome had great influence on Europe and the West, it helped spread classical culture and Christianity.
• The Roman idea of a republic later influenced the founders of the United States.

ROME'S DECLINE

• By the late A.D. 300s, the rivals struggled to become emperor.
• About A.D. 395, the empire was divided into eastern and western parts.
• Germanic leaders overthrew the last emperor in Rome and Western Roman Empire came to an end.
• Rome had great influence on Europe and the West, it helped spread classical culture and Christianity.
• The Roman idea of a republic later influenced the founders of the United States.

ROME'S DECLINE

• By the late A.D. 300s, the rivals struggled to become emperor.
• About A.D. 395, the empire was divided into eastern and western parts.
• Germanic leaders overthrew the last emperor in Rome and Western Roman Empire came to an end.
• Rome had great influence on Europe and the West, it helped spread classical culture and Christianity.
• The Roman idea of a republic later influenced the founders of the United States.

A CHRISTIAN EUROPE

A CHRISTIAN EUROPE

• Two separate branches of the religion had formed.
• The Roman Catholic Church, based in Rome, was headed by a pope.
• The Eastern Orthodox Church was centered in Byzantine Empire.
• The Roman Catholic spread Roman culture to the Germanic groups.

A CHRISTIAN EUROPE

• Two separate branches of the religion had formed.
• The Roman Catholic Church, based in Rome, was headed by a pope.
• The Eastern Orthodox Church was centered in Byzantine Empire.
• The Roman Catholic spread Roman culture to the Germanic groups.

THE MIDDLE AGES

• Germanic king named Charlemagne united much of Western Europe.
• After his death, this empire broke up and no strong governments existed.
• To bring order, a new political and social system arose called feudalism.
• The nobles in turn provided military service, becoming knights or warriors, for the king.
• Most Western Europeans were poor peasants.

THE MIDDLE AGES

• Germanic king named Charlemagne united much of Western Europe.
• After his death, this empire broke up and no strong governments existed.
• To bring order, a new political and social system arose called feudalism.
• The nobles in turn provided military service, becoming knights or warriors, for the king.
• Most Western Europeans were poor peasants.

THE CRUSADES

• The religion of Islam was spreading through southwest Asia to North Africa.
• Feudalism withered, kingdoms grew stronger and larger.
• Religious wars were only partly successful; Muslims recaptured much of the region.
• Known as the Reconquest, Spanish rulers forced out Muslims; united the country.
• Bubonic plague spread rapidly and killed a third of Europe's population.

THE CRUSADES

• The religion of Islam was spreading through southwest Asia to North Africa.
• Feudalism withered, kingdoms grew stronger and larger.
• Religious wars were only partly successful; Muslims recaptured much of the region.
• Known as the Reconquest, Spanish rulers forced out Muslims; united the country.
• Bubonic plague spread rapidly and killed a third of Europe's population.

THE RENAISSANCE

• It thrived in Italian city-states such as Florence, Rome, and Venice.
• Merchants in these city-states had gained great wealth through trade.
• Poets, sculptors, and painters created stunning masterpieces.
• An important element of the Renaissance was humanism.
• Renaissance ideas and practices spread from Italy to other parts of Europe.

THE RENAISSANCE

• It thrived in Italian city-states such as Florence, Rome, and Venice.
• Merchants in these city-states had gained great wealth through trade.
• Poets, sculptors, and painters created stunning masterpieces.
• An important element of the Renaissance was humanism.
• Renaissance ideas and practices spread from Italy to other parts of Europe.

THE REFORMATION

• Martin Luther set out to reform certain church practices.
• The pope in Rome didn't accept Luther's ideas.
• Luther's ideas sparked a religious movement called the reformation.
• Authority of church leaders challenged, kings and queens claimed more authority.

THE REFORMATION

• Martin Luther set out to reform certain church practices.
• The pope in Rome didn't accept Luther's ideas.
• Luther's ideas sparked a religious movement called the reformation.
• Wars between Roman Catholics and Protestants soon swept through Europe.
• Authority of church leaders challenged, kings and queens claimed more authority.

EUROPEAN EXPLORATIONS

• Portuguese navigators developed a new trade.
• Columbus attempted to sail west across the Atlantic Ocean.
• In the Americas, Spain found gold and grew wealthy.
• Europeans often destroyed the local cultures in the land they claimed.

EUROPEAN EXPLORATIONS

• Portuguese navigators developed a new trade.
• Columbus attempted to sail west across the Atlantic Ocean.
• In the Americas, Spain found gold and grew wealthy.
• Europeans often destroyed the local cultures in the land they claimed.

EUROPEAN EXPLORATIONS

• Portuguese navigators developed a new trade.
• Columbus attempted to sail west across the Atlantic Ocean.
• In the Americas, Spain found gold and grew wealthy.
• Europeans often destroyed the local cultures in the land they claimed.

THE ENLIGHTENMENT

• Nicolaus Copernicus concluded that the sun is the center of the universe.
• These ideas sparked a revolution, or a sweeping change in the way people thought.
• Napoleon's armies conjures much of Europe.
• Political revolution continued to erupt in Europe in the 1800s.

THE ENLIGHTENMENT

• Nicolaus Copernicus concluded that the sun is the center of the universe.
• These ideas sparked a revolution, or a sweeping change in the way people thought.
• Napoleon's armies conjures much of Europe.
• Political revolution continued to erupt in Europe in the 1800s.

INDUSTRY AND CONFLICT

• The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain and spread.
• People began using machines and building factories.
• Travel improved thanks to new inventions like the railroad.
• People left farms to find work in the cities; cities began crowded.
• A major horror of World War II was the Holocaust.

INDUSTRY AND CONFLICT

• The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain and spread.
• People began using machines and building factories.
• Travel improved thanks to new inventions like the railroad.
• People left farms to find work in the cities; cities began crowded.
• A major horror of World War II was the Holocaust.

A NEW ERA FOR EUROPE

• People forced several Communist governments from power.
• East and West Germany merge to become one democractic state.
• Soviet Union broke apart in 1991.
• In 1993 several democracies in Western Europe formed the European Union.
• It also created a common EU currency called the euro

A NEW ERA FOR EUROPE

• People forced several Communist governments from power.
• East and West Germany merge to become one democractic state.
• Soviet Union broke apart in 1991.
• In 1993 several democracies in Western Europe formed the European Union.
• It also created a common EU currency called the euro