HAITI REVOLUTION

CONNECTIONS TO EUROPe

MAIN GROUPS

• The mulattoes, bourgeoisie, in Haiti campaigned for civil rights.
• The runaway slaves were called the maroons.
• The free blacks orchestrated revolts for the slaves.
• France was the biggest opposition to the independence of Haiti
• Spain and England allied with the slaves and went against France

THE MAIN LEADERS

• The first effective leader was François Mackandal
• He was the unifier of the maroons to band against the Europeans
• Was a voodoo priest and used religion and African traditions to inspire the blacks
• Toussaint Louverture was known as the "Black Napoleon" and leader of the Haitian reovlution
• Louverture was a free black man

CONNECTION TO THE ENLIGHTENMENT

• Enlightenment ideals inspired the Haitians to declare independence
• The influence went back to Haiti who felt that if other nations could be free then so could they

KEY EVENTS PART 1

• French Revolution starts in 1789 (States-General called)
• Outbreak of war (France v. Britain/Spain) Spring 1793
• Emancipation decrees of Aug. 93 and Feb. 94
• British occupation 1793-98
• Toussaint's secret treaty with England 1798/99

KEY EVENTS PART 2

• War between Toussaint and Adrè Rigaud 1799-1800
• Toussaint constitution, and occupation of Santo Domingo 1801
• War of Independence 1802-3

The Haitian Revolution Compared to French/American
The Haitian independence movement can be compared to both the French and American