PRESENTATION OUTLINE
Ecology of India.
India has many villages and is often called the land of villages. A lot of people belong to rural parts of India. Some villages have a big population while some are sparsely populated. The physical structure or the way a rural society is formed decides the sociology of that rural area. This is because this structure helps us understand their pattern of settlement, like the way the noises are built, how far apart each house is, it's population etc. Each village has different features and they are based on a lot of environmental and ecological surroundings.
So what is ecology?
Ecology is the branch of biology that deals with the interactions and relations of an organism with its environment. All the surroundings together make up the environment.
An environments has biotic components: trees, flowers, animals and has abiotic components: water, soil etc. An organism is affected by both abiotic components and influence of biotic components.
Ecology of India.
India has many villages and is often called the land of villages. A lot of people belong to rural parts of India. Some villages have a big population while some a…
A national seminar on ‘Ecology in India: Retrospect and Prospect’ was organized by the Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University on 12–13 March 1999. Eminent scholars who have actively contributed to different aspects of ecology were invited to this seminar to review the progress of the subject in India and to outline the future directions required. Major issues discussed in the seminar were: (i) structure, functioning and management of major ecosystems such as forest, grassland, savanna, agro-ecosystem, wastelands, river, and lakes; (ii) sustainability of natural resources; (iii) conservation and monitoring of biological diversity, damaged eco-systems; (iv) ecology of noxious weeds; (v) causes and consequences of global change; (vi) socio-economic issues in
Environmental management; etc. Both oral and poster presentations were made.
The seminar was inaugurated by Y. C. Simhadri, Vice-Chancellor, Banaras Hindu University, who emphasized the role of higher education to promote sustainable development and environmental protection. Simhadri also highlighted the fact that environmental education at the university level is necessary for students to apply ecological principles to analyse environmental issues. While dedicating the seminar to the memory of late Ramdeo Misra, J. S. Singh highlighted contributions of Misra who laid the foundations of ecology and environmental
A national seminar on ‘Ecology in India: Retrospect and Prospect’ was organized by the Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University on 12–13 March 1999. Eminent scholars who have actively contributed to different aspects of ecology were invited to this seminar to review the progress of the subject in India and to outline the future directions required. Major issues discussed in the seminar were: (i) structure, functioning and management of major ecosystems such as forest, grassland, savanna, agro-ecosystem, wastelands, river, and lakes; (ii) sustainability of natural resources; (iii) conservation and monitoring of biological diversity, damaged eco-systems; (iv) ecology of noxious weeds; (v) causes and consequences of global change; (vi) socio-economic issues inscienc…
Over the years, the Himalayan lakes have been subjected to considerable ecological stress by way of intense landuse, urbanization and poor management of watershed. As a consequence, the lakes are undergoing undesirable changes such as shrinkage of water area, reduction in depth and water volume, siltation, deterioration of water quality, accelerated eutrophication, decline in biodiversity and loss of recreational amenities. D. P. Zutshi, in his overview on ecology and management of Himalayan lakes, examined the present ecological state of some important Himalayan lakes and evaluated various approaches being used for their conservation and management.
Globally, about 10 million square km area consists of hyper arid or true desert region. An overview of desertification in semi-arid and arid regions of western India was presented by A. N. Pandey. It was reported that consistent depletion of clay particles and macroaggregates of soil results in disorganization of soil structure during the course of desertification. Simultaneous loss of organic substances with deterioration of ecosystem reinforces the disorganization of soil structure. The persistent decrease in N and P and an increase in Na, K, Ca and Mg during the course of desertification results in an entirely different proportion of soil nutrients than that at the reference forest ecosystem. Soil salinity increases with deterioration of ecosystem. Pandey emphasized that vegetal cover is
Globally, about 10 million square km area consists of hyper arid or true desert region. An overview of desertification in semi-arid and arid regions of western India was presented by A. N. Pandey. It was reported that consistent depletion of clay particles and macroaggregates of soil results in disorganization of soil structure during the course of desertification. Simultaneous loss of organic substances with deterioration of ecosystem reinforces the disorganization of soil structure. The persistent decrease in N and P and an increase in Na, K, Ca and Mg during the course of desertification results in an entirely different proportion of soil nutrients than that at the reference forest ecosystem. Soil salinity increases with deterioration of ecosystem. Pandey emphasized that vegetal cover is neces…
Deforestation started with the growth of agriculture, but was exacerbated in the nineteenth century when British commercial forestry operations destroyed Indian forests mainly in western and southern India. Several causes also supported deforestation, including colonization, agricultural expansion, firewood collection, timber harvesting and extension of cultivation on slopes.Due to the colonization from all over the country trees are cut down as a primary source of fuel .These trees are used for cooking food and other daily needs which require fuel. The effects are that it caused extinction of some animals and endangered others.
Varied types of forests are found in the Indian subcontinent. Primarily, there are 6 major groups, namely, Moist Tropical, Dry Tropical, Montane Sub Tropical, Montane Temperate, Sub Alpine, and Alpine, further subdivided into 16 major types of forests. Deforestation started with the growth of agriculture, but was exacerbated in the nineteenth century when British commercial forestry operations destroyed Indian forests mainly in western and southern India. Several causes also supported deforestation, including colonization, agricultural expansion, firewood collection, timber harvesting and extension of cultivation on slopes.Due to the colonization from all over the country trees are cut down as a primary source of fuel .These trees are used for cooking food and other daily needs which require fuel. The effects are that it caused extinction of some animals and endangered others.
The following are the principal types of natural vegetation in India: (1) Tropical Evergreen Rain Forests, (2) Deciduous or Monsoon Type of Forests, (3) Dry Deciduous Forests and Scrubs, (4) Semi Desert and Desert Vegetation, (5) Tidal or Mangrove Forests and (6) Mountain Forests.
Climate of India.
The Indian climate is a cycle of six seasons. There are areas where the distinction of the seasons is felt, but in most areas the six seasons overlap. The Indian climate is a cycle of six seasons. There are areas where the distinction of the seasons is felt, but in most areas the six seasons overlap. The Indian seasons in the Christian calendar are:
Spring: Mid-Feb to April; Summer: May and June; Monsoon: July to September
Autumn: Sept to Mid-November; Pre-winter: Mid-Nov to December; Winter: Mid-December to Mid-February
The following are the principal types of natural vegetation in India: (1) Tropical E…
It is quite possible to tour India the year round, avoiding blistering heat and the monsoons, provided we choose the area. While it is roasting in the South, it would be mild in the north and the Himalayan peaks will be covered with snow most of the year. The plains of India are at their freshest in the winter.
India has 'Tropical Monsoon' type of climate. The word monsoon has been derived from the Arabic word 'Mausim' which means seasonal reversal of the winds during the course of the year.
The whole of India has a tropical monsoonal climate, since the greater part of the country lies within the trophies, and the climate is influenced by the monsoons.
The position of the mountain ranges like the Himalayas, direction of the rain-bearing winds and deserts like the Thar are the three main factors that determine the climate of India
Alternating seasons is the chief characteristic of India's Climate.
India has 'Tropical Monsoon' type of climate. The word monsoon has been derived from the Arabic word 'Mausim' which means seasonal reversal of the winds during the course of the year.
Natural Resources in India
India is endowed with different types of natural Resources such as fertile soil, forests, minerals and water. These resources are unevenly distributed. The various types of different Natural Resources of India is discussed below:
Natural Resources in India
India is endowed with different types of natural Resources such as fertile soil, forests, minerals and water. These resources are unevenly distributed. The various types of different Natural Resources of India is discussed below:1.Fisheries:
Fish production has been showing increasing trend. India is one of the leading fish producer.
