GENETICS

THE BASICS

• DNA = d_______ acid
• DNA + h_____ = chromatin
• Chromatin forms chromosomes.

CHROMOSOMES

• Humans have 23 pairs = 46
• 1 - 22 are __________
• Pair 23 determines gender
• XX = ______, ___ =male
• The whole set is called a k_________

DNA STRUCTURE

• Made up of nucleotides
• Nucleotides have a d_________ sugar, p_______ and 1 of 4 b___.
• A pairs with ____
• C pairs with ____
• Leading strand = 5' > 3'
• Lagging strand = 3' > 5'

DNA REPLICATION

• Occurs in i_____________
• Copies each chromosome
• A complete set goes into new cells
• Essential for g___ & r___

DNA REPLICATION

• ________
• _________(leading v lagging)
• _________

MITOSIS

• _____________
• _____________
• _____________
• ______________
• ______________
• C____________

A cell has 1 pair of chromosomes. Show the cell at:
Before meiosis
Interphase
End of Meiosis 1
End of meiosis 2

PROTEINS

• Sections of DNA called genes code for proteins
• 1 gene = 1 protein

PROTEINS

• Polymer made up of a____ acids.
• 3 bases = 1 triplet (DNA)
• 1 triplet => 1 c____ (mRNA)
• 1 codon => 1 a___-c____ (tRNA)

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

• Transcription (DNA -> m__)
• Translation (mRNA -> p___)

TTC AAG CAG TCG

mRNA__________________________

Amino___________________________

MUTATIONS

• Change in the b___ sequence
• Caused spontaneously
• OR thru environmental influence
• List 3 mutagens....

POINT MUTATIONS

• I_________
• D________
• S________

MENDEL'S LAWS

• Particulate inheritance \ Dominance
• Segregation
• Independent assortment

GENETICS

• An allele is a version of a gene
• Phenotype is what we see when the gene is expressed
• HH is d____ homozygous
• Hh is h________
• hh is........

In humans, A and B blood type is codominant over o type blood. Write the possible genotype for individuals with:
A type blood
B type blood
AB type blood
O type blood

GENETICS

• An example of co-dominance is...
• An example of incomplete dominance is ....
• I can tell a problem involves lethal alleles if....

READING STRATEGY- CONTEXT CLUES

• Read around
• Look for synonyms
• Look for antonyms
• Look for 'roots' of the word

FUNCTION OF PROTEINS

• Contractile
• ___________
• ___________
• ___________
• Catalytic