Gas Law Project
Published on Nov 18, 2015
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PRESENTATION OUTLINE
JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR CHARLES
Jacques Alexandre César Charles (November 12, 1746 – April 7, 1823) was a French inventor, scientist, mathematician, and balloonist. He was sometimes called Charles the Geometer. He married Julie Francoise Bouchaud des Herettes, a Creole woman 37 years younger than himself. his first occupation was as a clerk at the Ministry of Finance in Paris. However, his interests eventually turned to science....(continued on next slide)
Charles and the Robert brothers launched the world's first (unmanned) hydrogen-filled balloon in August 1783. Then in December 1783, Charles and his co-pilot Nicolas-Louis Robert ascended to a height of about 1,800 feet (550 m) in a manned balloon. Their pioneering use of hydrogen for lift led to this type of balloon being named a Charlière. In result, ballooning became a major preoccupation of France and other industrialized nations.
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Charle's Gas Law
It was first published by French natural philosopher, Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac in 1802, although he credited the discovery to unpublished work from the 1780s by Jacques Charles. The law was independently discovered by British natural philosopher John Dalton by 1801.
Photo by brizzle born and bred
Applications to "real life"
Tire Pressure
Typical manufacturers recommend that automobile tire pressures vary between around 25 to 35 pounds per square inch. But if you read your owner's manual carefully, it will mention that tire pressure should always be measured cold. That's because driving around heats up tires. Charles' law states that the gas should occupy more space when heated, but a tire does not expand very much. This causes the tire pressure to be higher when warm. Measuring tire pressure when the tire is warm will give you the false impression that you have filled your tires with too much air.
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Applications to "real life"
Turkey Syringe Thermometer
Prior to the digital age, some thermometers used Charles' law quite directly. Air within the thermometer placed deep within the turkey would expand as the temperature rose. The thermometer was made so that when the correct internal temperature was reached within the turkey, a cap affixed to the thermometer would pop off due to air pressure, providing a clear visual indication that the turkey was done cooking.
Photo by massmatt
Applications to "real life"
Pool Inflatables
It's a warm sunny day. You are careful not to pump in too much air into your inflatable raft. In spite of that, if you leave it outside the pool, it could well pop as air inside it heats up and expands. The solution is to pump it while the raft is in the pool; then, leave it in the pool until you actually start using it. Deflate it immediately after use.
Photo by Patricil
Applications to "real life"
Helium Balloon on a Cold Day
If you have bought a helium balloon you may have noticed this phenomenon. If it's cold outside, your face may fall when you notice that the helium balloon has crumpled. All isn't lost, of course, because once you enter your warm home, the balloon returns to its original shape. This is because, according to Charles' law, a gas takes up more space when it is warm.
Photo by SonOfJordan
Lungs inflation
Humans' lung capacity is reduced in colder weather. Runners and other athletes may find it harder to perform in cold weather for this reason. When the diaphragm contracts, the volume of chest increases, thus inducing negative pressure in lungs. Air rushes through the nose into the lungs to equilibrate the pressure, thus inspiration. The inspired air arrives in warm lungs and expands (Charle's law).
Photo by Hey Paul Studios
