THE POWER OF PROTEINS

HOW I CHOSE MY STRAND OF DNA

• I began with a list of identifying information such as my full name, my address, and more.

HOW I CODED MY INFORMATION INTO DNA

• I used a guide to translate my information into the 4 nitrogen bases
• I separated them into groups of 3
• I looked for any mistakes such as premature stop sequences or additional start sequences
• I corrected my errors
• I added a stop sequence to the end in order to finish this step completely

In the picture above, you can see a DNA nucleotide. The green circle represents the phospate that bonds with the orange pentagon, or the deoxyribose. The boxes in the middle represent the four nitrogen base pairs, which bond together according to the base pairing rule. After hundreds of nucleotides appear, they start to form a double helix shape, which kind of looks like a twisted ladder.

HOW I TRANSCRIBED MY DNA INTO mRNA

• I used the base pairing rule to find the matches of the 4 nitrogen pairs
• I matched the base pairs with their RNA matches and copied it down
• *In RNA, THYMINE is replaced with URACIL. So, in RNA, adenine pairs with uracil and uracil with adenine

THE 3 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RNA AND DNA

• RNA has a a simple ribose, while DNA has deoxyribose. In other words, DNA does not have oxygen in the sugar.
• RNA is usually single stranded, while DNA is always paired up.
• RNA has uracil instead of thymine.

tRNA

• tRNA is used to carry the anticodons from the mRNA strand from the nucleus to the cytoplasm

mRNA

• mRNA is the first strand of RNA and is what leads to the production of proteins.

rRNA

• rRNA is used to synthesize the production of proteins in the final step of protein synthesis.

SHAPE OF THE PROTEIN

• The shape of the protein is determined by the amino acid sequence
• The shape of the protein also helps it function differently and act differently compared to other proteins

SINGLE POINT MUTATIONS

• A single point mutation is when one of the nitrogen pairs is incorrectly copied down during the process
• This mutation can lead to small errors in the amino acid
• These errors can either do nothing or actually change an entire amino acid

FRAMESHIFT MUTATION

• This mutation occurs when a base pair is left out or forgotten and is usually a very serious problem
• A frameshift mutation can cause a whole new protein to be created and can cause major problems for the protein in the future