French Revolution
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PRESENTATION OUTLINE
CAUSES
- Seven years' war and American revolution
- Regressive taxes
- Years of Bad harvest
- Enlightenment: individual liberty and religious tolerance
- Encyclopedia: education for everyone
OUTBREAK OF THE CRISES 1789
- States general: church, nobility and the rest of France National assembly: representers of the people
- Louis XVI shut down the assembly
STORMING OF THE BASTILLE
- People started riots when they heard rumors of soldiers arriving to Paris
- On July 14th, insurgents set their eyes on La BASTILLE, a prison and royal weapon ammunition
- Abolition of Feudalism: nobles emigrated from France
- Declaration of the right of men and citizen
- Louis tries to escape to Austria but is caught
CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY 1792
- The kings addresses the assembly and accepts a constitutional monarchy
- Insurgents take sides: Jacobins and Girondines
- The king tried to get support from other monarchies in secret
- Working class -sans culottes- resented revolutionaries
CRISIS OF THE CONSTITUTION
- People pushed the assembly to depose the king
- Insurgents marched to the Tuileries Palace and kill thy he Swiss guard
- Royal family is taken prisoner
- Parisians raid prisons and kill between 1000 to 1500 priests and nobles
- September massacres
- Abolition of the monarchy: year one of the revolutionary calendar
FIRST REPUBLIC 1792-1795
- National convention divided in Jacobins and Girondines
- External wars against Austria, Prussia, UK, Portugal, etc.
- Louis XVI executed by Guillotine
- Reign of terror (around 17000 executions)
- Execution of Marie Antoinette
- Robespierre, Danton and Marat are executed by Guillotine or assassinated
THE DIRECTORY 1795-99
- Government divided in two councils
- Executive power led by five directors
- Economy at its lowest level
- The army is sent to repress riots and counter revolutionary activities
- Napoleon is named consul to keep stability
