First Amendment

Definition of the Amendment

• Freedom of assembly is the people's right to come together, make a group, and make a political group to express ideas.

Background

• Precolonial American history: English monarch oppressed for citizen to assemble.
• First important moment: in 1670, Quaker William Penn was condemned for assembling in public.

Background

• Many British people recognized a necessity of a right to assemble.
• Colonist brought the idea to America.
• Advocates of America started to claim the right.

Background

• Therefore, the First Continental Congress added the right to a statement.
• After that, the First Congress added the right to assembly in the bill of rights.

Example

• Thornhill v. Alabama (1940)
• Example: the right is guaranteed even if the state has loitering and picketing laws.

Example

• Edwards v. Carolina (1963)
• Example: a disorder crowd or possible fear can not be used to stop a demonstration or cancel the right.

Trump's View on the Amendment

• He does not believe the right to come together to protest.
• He considers protesters as operatives of ISIS.
• A merciless disregard for the right.

Clinton's View on the Amendment

• She has recognized a importance of the 1st amendment.
• She is supporting to make the amendment applicable to internet freedom.

Importance of the issue (2016 election)

• Candidates' interpretation of the right
• Particularly, Trump's violent interpretation
• The way how to apply the right for online

Politician's Opinion in Japan

• Some politicians claim necessity for demonstration around the Diet Buildings.

How important is this issue in 2016

• Issue: a way of demonstration
• Freedom of assembly versus public welfare

Famous Example in Japan

• Izuminosano city's hall incident (1995)
• The city versus anti-constructing airport
• The supreme court's rejection for people who are against a airport

My Constitution

• Article 21
• Freedom of assembly and association as well as speech, press and all other forms of expression are guaranteed.

My opinion about the issue

• Importance to preserve the freedoms
• One of the most important freedoms in the constitution
• Excessive or illegal assembly

Comparison Language

• Hillary Clinton is more supportive for the amendment.
• Donald Trump is more aggressive for protesters.