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How can it be determined whether or not euthanasia should or should not be permitted?
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Euthanasia

Published on Nov 18, 2015

TOK Presentation on Euthanasia: How can we determine when euthanasia is ethical?

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1.

Euthanasia by Enaja Sambatur

How can we determine when euthanasia is ethical?
How can it be determined whether or not euthanasia should or should not be permitted?
Photo by Peter Femto
2.

Euthanasia

  • Eu: good
  • Than/Thanat: death
  • Sia: the condition of
Euthanasia: (n) the painless killing of a patient suffering from an incurable and painful disease or an irreversible coma. -Oxford Dictionary

The name itself means "the condition of good death."
Photo by seyed mostafa zamani
3.

Types of Euthanasia

  • Voluntary
  • Non-Voluntary
  • In-voluntary
  • Passive/Active
Six different possibilities:
Active Voluntary Euthanasia
Passive Voluntary Euthanasia
Active Non-Voluntary Euthanasia
Passive Non-Voluntary Euthanasia
Active In-Voluntary Euthanasia
Passive In-Voluntary Euthanasia
Photo by hélziopires
4.

Real Life situation

  • The Movie: Mar Adentro
  • Protagonist: Ramón Sampedro
  • Ramón Sampedro a quadraplegic
  • Ramón Sampedro a quadraplegic
  • 28-year campaign to die with dignity
  • Ship mechanic in a diving accident
  • Becomes a Quadraplegic
  • 28-year campaign to die with dignity
Movie Trailer:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PxXb_YZ-CQI
Photo by LizzyGrafik
5.

Knowledge Question

How can it be determined whether or not euthanasia should or should not be permitted?

Knowledge Issues related to Knowledge Question:
1) What kind of euthanasia qualifies as murder and what kind qualifies as free will and choice? what kind of euthanasia qualifies as ethical?
2) Should a person have the right to end their life?
3) Do other people have the right to end someone else's life?

Photo by Wiertz Sébastien
6.

James and Nate are Brothers

  • They have a little Rich Cousin
  • The Rich Cousin has no other family
  • He is very sick
  • When he dies James and Nate inherit everything
This a hypothetical scenario that will be manipulated to fit the different types of euthanasia.
Photo by xavi talleda
7.

Murder vs Choice

  • Voluntary: choice
  • Non-voluntary: no choice
  • In-voluntary: murder
1) What kind of euthanasia qualifies as murder and what kind qualifies as free will and choice?

If euthanasia is voluntary it is the choice of a person and it is death on your own terms. (Cousin wants to die)

If it is non-voluntary then the person does not have a choice. Others make the choice. What is the difference between passive and active then when the end result in the same? (cousin cannot talk so the brothers make the decision)
Photo by utilitarian
8.

is Death The Right Choice?

  • God and Value of Human Life
  • Dignity and end of suffering
2) Should a person have the right to end their life?

A. Is birth a right? Death should not be a right. There is a God. Human life is very valuable.

B. Even though birth is not in our hands, death is. Instead of living a painful life, it is better to end the pain and die on my own terms.

What IF?
A. Technology improves - you can end your suffering and still be alive. A miracle happens.
B. Twenty-eight years of suffering is enough I no longer want to wait and the possibility is slim.
Photo by Stuck in Customs
9.

the right to kill someone?

  • Non-Voluntary: active vs passive - same?
  • In-voluntary: Murder - even if it is passive?
3) Do other people have the right to end someone else's life?

In-voluntary and Non-voluntary

A. You are unable to talk therefore someone else makes the decision for you. It is illegal to actively kill but it is ok to passively stop treatment. Are they not the same thing?

B. In-Voluntary: Most would agree it is murder. If a person does not wish to die and yet their life is taken away for whatever cause and/or reason then it is murder. (he can talk and he doesn't want to die)
Photo by kevin dooley
10.

India: parents

  • Parents in India with 2 kids
  • Both terminally ill and paralyzed
  • Poor and illness uncurable
  • Plea for euthanasia
  • Similar Case in Belgium with 10-month old
Paralyzed patients and those with an incurable disease deserve to choose whether or not they want to continue on with their life. Euthanasia is still not widely accepted because of either religious or safety reasons. Although there are people who think it is wrong, it is unfair to those who feel euthanasia is their best option. It is an issue that needs to be seriously debated. There is not one right answer or one wrong answer because the concept of euthanasia is situational.

http://www.ndtv.com/article/cities/parents-of-paralysed-children-want-eutha...
Photo by Rakesh JV
11.

India: journalist

  • Aruna Shabaug: Supreme Court rejects plea
  • Raped near the hospital where she used to work
  • semi-comatose for 37 years
  • Journalist Pinky Virani wrote a book on her
  • India allows circumstancial passive euthanasia
Journalist Virani plead to the Supreme Court of India to allow Shanbaug to be euthanized. Her plea was denied because she was not related to Shanbaug. It was also deemed that Shanbaug is not brain dead therefore she cannot be euthanized. In the end they allowed passive euthanasia.

http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/aruna-shanbaug-case-supreme-court-rejects...
Photo by VinothChandar
12.

Belgium

  • Ten-month-old Ella-Louise
  • Krabbe Disease
  • Palliative sedation
  • Passive Euthanasia
  • Plea for active euthanasia
http://www.cnn.com/2013/11/27/world/europe/belgium-euthanasia-for-children-...

Krabbe Disease: a rare and sever genetic mutation that damages the nervous system. It results in inability to move, chew, swallow and breathe and also vision loss and seizures.

"In that period, they tell you it's best not to give any fluids, because babies survive on little drops of liquid," she said. "So we stopped feeding her. In the end, it was bones and skin and no more baby left."
Photo by fatboyke (Luc)
13.

United kingdom

  • Tony Nicklinson a Rugby Player/Sky Diver
  • Suffered a stroke in 2005
  • Locked-In Syndrome: can only blink
  • "Living Nightmare"
  • Died by natural causes
Mr. Nicklinson said, “It cannot be acceptable in 21st-century Britain that I am denied the right to take my own life just because I am physically handicapped.” He added, “It is astonishing that in 1969 we could put a man on the moon, yet in 2012 we still cannot devise adequate rules for government-assisted dying.”

http://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/23/world/europe/tony-nicklinson-who-fought-f...
Photo by » Zitona «
14.

Legality

  • Assisted Suicide: Switzerland
  • Luxembourg, Netherlands, Belgium
  • Washington, Montana, Oregon, Vermont
  • Passive: Philippines, Mexico, India, Japan
Photo by Werner Kunz
15.

Pro Vs con

  • Pro: reason, sense perception, and emotiom
  • Pro: reason and sense perception
  • Con: faith, reason, sense perception and emotion
What ways of knowing do people use to determine their stance on the ethics of euthanasia?

For Euthanasia:
Many of the people who are supportive of euthanasia are people who either have suffered great pain or have witnessed someone else suffer. A paralyzed person uses their pain as a reason for death because it is less painful. The closer you are to the scenario, the more likely you feel their pain.

Against Euthanasia:
People who are against euthanasia either have never experienced this pain or seen anyone else go through it. If they have seen suffering, then they have faith that one day the suffering will stop. If they have not, then they have faith in their religion or in science.
Photo by Stuck in Customs
16.

ending to mar adentro

Euthanasia is circumstantial so it the particular circumstance determines the correct answer which there is more than one of. The ending to Mar Adentro is one of the many possible answers to euthanasia.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VXDsAPG2dyo
Photo by vgm8383
17.

Bibliography

Photo by TeryKats

Enaja Sambatur