Erikson's Phycological development

Stages

• Trust vs Mistrust
• Autonomy vs Shame
• Initiative vs Guilt
• Industry vs Inferiority
• Identity vs Role Confusion
• Intimacy vs Isolation
• Generativity vs Stagnation
• Integrity vs Despair

Trust Vs. Mistrust

• Age: 1 years old
• Virtue: Hope
• In this stage, babies find security and trust in their primaryy care giver. On the downside, this can also lead to the negative outcomes of fear, insecurity, and mistrust

Autonomy Vs Shame

• Age: 2
• Virtue: independence
• Autonomy is the ability to do things on one's own & taking initiative, while shame is the failure that may occur in the second stage. Here, a child may feel self- doubting/ unconfident

Initiative vs Guilt

• Age: 2-6
• Virtue: Purpose
• In order for a child to master initiative, the child must learn and accept that there are some things that they cannot do, and will result in punishment. However, if the child is not allowed to do things on their own and learn on their own what things are wrong and right then a sense of guilt may overcome him/her and they will fear that what they do is always wrong.

Industry vs Inferiority

• Age: 6-12
• Virtue: Competence
• Children begin to experiment with power. They begin to assert their control and power over the world by directing play and other school activities
• Peer groups gain greater significance in these stages of life
• When children are encouraged and reinforced for their initiative, they begin to feel industrious and feel confident in their ability to achieve goals. If this initiative is restricted by parents or teacher, then the child begins to feel inferior. This can lead to doubting his/her own abilities and therefore may not reach his or her potential.

Identity Vs Role Confusion

• Age: 12-18
• Virtue: Fidelity
• Children search for a sense of identity through intense exploration of morals, beliefs, and goals
• Children become more independent
• May feel uncomfortabel about body until they grow into the changes
• Fidelity: commitment one's self to others on the basis of accepting others, even when there may be ideological differences
• When a child fails to find an identity, role confusion may occur where children experiment with different lifestyles (education, political, etc) and take on a negative identity. This i also called "rebellion" and may lead to unhappiness in the child

Inimacy vs isolation

• Age: 18-40
• Virtue: love
• We begin to share ourselves intimately with other people & explore relationships, leading to long term commitments to people outside of family
• Successful completion of stage can lead to healthy relationships, safety, and care. Avoiding intimacy, fearing commitment and relationships can lead to isolation, loneliness, and sometimes depression. Success in this stage will lead to the virtue of love.

Generativity vs Stagnation

• Age: 40-65
• Virtue: Care
• Establish family, comfortability in who we are, and are apart of a bigger picture
• We give back to society, raise children, we are productive, and involved in community or other organizations
• If we do not meet these actions or objectives, we become stagnate and may feel unproductive

Integrity vs despair

• Age: 65+
• Virtue: Wisdom
• Our productivity begins to slow down and we contemplate our achievements
• We develop integrity here, and wisdom grows (if successful int his stage) by looking back on our life with a sense of closure and pleasure
• If unsuccessful in this stage, we see ourselves as unproductive. This lead to guilt about our past, or feel that we did not accomplish our life goals. We may become dissatisfied with life and develop despair, often leading to depression and hopelessness.