entomology
Published on Nov 22, 2015
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PRESENTATION OUTLINE
ENTOMOLOGY CDE
CHYENNE FUNKE
Untitled Slide
INFORMATION
State Event Location: Texas Tech University
State Event Date: April 25, 2015
Event Provider Contact:
Scott Longing, scott.longing@ttu.edu, 806-742-2838
James C. Cokendolpher, james.cokendolpher@ttu.edu, 806-742-2486 ext 271 or 806-834-4274
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The insect contest introduces high school students to the fundamentals of entomology and develops skills in identification of common insects and their relatives using taxonomy and nomenclature used by practitioners in the industry and in the scientific community. Understanding insects and key species is of utmost importance to agricultural crops and animal production, conservation, human and companion animal health and well being. The basic entomological principles to be covered include: 1) insect structure and function, 2) metamorphosis, 3) insect identification, and 4) importance to people.
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1. InsectStructureandFunction To identify insects and understand their role in the environment, one must be acquainted with basic anatomy. Important features include types of mouthparts (chewing, piercing-sucking, siphoning, cutting lapping, sponging, etc.), types of legs (jumping, grasping, digging, swimming, running, etc.) and various modifications of wings, antennae, and other body parts. Anatomical features are useful in identifying habitat and food source. For example, we know that the praying mantis is an excellent predator because its front legs are modified to grasp prey and because it has chewing mouthparts.
2. Metamorphosis All insects undergo metamorphosis, a change in body form, as they develop from egg to adult. Some insects undergo more complex changes than others, and consequently, identification of certain insects can be confused by the dissimilarity between immature and adult stages. The caterpillar and butterfly are common examples. In general, insect metamorphosis can be categorized into one of three types. Students should know to what metamorphic type each insect order belongs. A. Ametabolous - no metamorphosis (immature stages and adults are similar: winglessp as adults) B. Hemimetabolous – incomplete or gradual metamorphosis (immature stages resemble adults but without wings and wing buds.) C. Holometabolous – complete metamorphosis (immature stages do not resemble adults)
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3. InsectIdentification The fundamental step in insect identification is recognition of order. All insects are classified into approximately 31 groups called orders. Each insect order shares a set of characteristic biological and anatomical features. Proper interpretation of mouthparts, wings, etc. aid in order recognition. Entomology students should be able to identify and differentiate between insects and avariety of other arthropod
4. SignificancetoPeople The significance of any insect to people in agriculture, medicine, etc. is of great practical importance. Most insects are not harmful; in fact, many are considered beneficial. For this reason, people should know the difference between pest insects and beneficial insects. Also, some insects cannot be classified as either pest or beneficial. These insects are neutral or variable as far as people are concerned. Failure to discriminate among these insects can lead to serious economic losses and other problems.
TEAM MAKE UP
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Three or four individuals per school form a team. All members will be scored and the top three scores will count toward the team total.
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Event Format 1. The event will consist of25unlabeled,preserved specimens selected from a list of 150. 2. The student contestants will Identify for each specimen,theorder,common name, metamorphic type, mouthpart type, and significance to people. 3. Each student will be given 90 seconds per specimen. At the end, when contestants have examined all specimens, additional time may be given to complete the scan sheets following identification of the insects.
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SCORING Order ........................2 points/specimen Common name ...........3 points/specimen Metamorphosis........... 1 point/specimen Type of mouthparts ......1 point/specimen Significance to people ..1 point/specimen Total Points Individual .........................200points Total Team .........................................600 points
TIEBREAKERS Team and individual ties will be broken using the following tiebreakers: 1. High score on orders 2. If still tied,high score on common names. 3. If still tied,high score on metamorphosis 4. If still tied,high score on mouthparts 5. If still tied,the highest alternate score 6. If still tied,winner will be determined by coin toss
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RESOURCES Each team should acquire a study list of 150 arthropods and their characteristics upon which the event will be based. Extensive entomological literature is available in school and public libraries. Field guides to the insects are particularly useful. Many insect images are also available on a variety of websites. Each local agricultural science and technology department should consider building their own insect reference collection. Collecting insects for study is an enjoyable activity and collections may be preserved for future instructional and chapter activities. Instructions for collecting and preserving insects are available in most entomological textbooks.
The collegiate entomology faculty recommends the following text as the standard for insect biology and identification: Triplehorn, C.A. and N.E. Johnson. 2005. Borror and DeLong’s Introduction to the Study of Insects, 7th edition; Thomson Learning, Inc., Belmont, CA
Common Name
Bed Bug
Order
Hemiptera
Metamorphosis
Hemimetabolous
Mouthpart
Pierce-Sucking
Significance
Pest
Photo by StarMaster
Common Name
horntail wasp
Order
Hymenoptera
Metamorphosis
Holometabolous
Mouthparts
Chewing
Significance
Pest
Common Name
dragonfly
Order
Odonata
Metamorphosis
Hemimetabolous
Mouthparts
Chewing
Significance
Beneficial
Photo by G.OZCAN
