Enlightenment
Published on Apr 21, 2016
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PRESENTATION OUTLINE
Enlightenment
- The enlightenment was an intellectual revolution from the late 1700s to early 1800s in Europe and America that challenged traditional authority, encouraged individualism, logical reasoning and promoted that peoples liberties should be promoted by law.
Separation of Powers
- Separation of Powers is the principle that is founded on the idea that a country's constitution requires the branches of gov't to remain independent from each other so one doesn't become more powerful than the other.
french and indian war
- Also known as the Seven Years War, the French and Indian War was a war between England and american colonists , against the french and native americans. The war resulted in France no longer controlling Canada, and a great deal of debt on England and the colonies.
American Revolution
- The American Revolution was a political upheaval that took place between 1765 and 1783 during which colonists in the thirteen american colonies rejected the British monarchy and aristocracy, overthrew the authority of great Britain, and founded the United States of America.
Declaration of Independence
- On July 4th of 1776 the continental congress voted to adopt this document, drafted by a five man comittee including Franklin and John Adams but was mainly composed by Jefferson. In creating this outline of reasons why the colonies should be free from British rule, Franklin is heavily influenced by philosopher John Locke and his ideas of natural rights.
Natural Rights
- John Locke expressed his ideas of rights, inalienable to all men, amongst these were the rights to life, liberty and property.
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Articles of Confederation
- The articles created a loose confederation of independent states and weak central government, leaving most of the power to the states governments resulting in numerous problems for the young country.
Great Compromise
- The Great Compromise was the solution to the Virginia plan and New Jersey plan. What it did was split congress into two houses,the house of representatives and the senate.
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Federalism
- To strengthen the central government but still preserve the rights to the states, the constitution created a system which divided power between national government and state government.
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federalists
- People who supported the constitution,supported removing some powers from the states to give more power to national government, favored dividing power among different branches ,and proposed a single person lead the executive branch.
Anti-Federalists
- People who opposed the constitution,wanted important political powers to remain with the states,wanted the legislative branch to have more power than the executive, and believed a bill of rights needed to be added.
Bill of Rights
- The Bill of Rights , or the first ten amendments to the Constitution, guaranteed the freedoms of speech, press, and religion; protection from unreasonable searches and seizures; and the right to trial by jury. This was added in 1791 to satisfy those weary of a strong central governemnt and to protect basic freedoms.
Free Exercise Clause
- The free exercise clause allows citizens to worship their religion freely without government interference.
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establishment clause
- the establishment clause states that congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion.
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judicial review
- judicial review is the supreme court's power to determine wether laws of congress are constitutional and strike down those that are not.
Louisiana Purchase
- Napoleon offered to sell all of Louisiana territory as well as New Orleans, to the United States. In 1803 Congress approved to pay $11.25 million thus almost doubling the U.S's size.
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Monroe Doctrine
- In 1823 the U.S declared that the American continent should no longer be viewed as open to colonization. this made all of the western hemisphere off limits to european countries.
trail of tears
- In 1838 and 1839, as part of Andrew jackson's indian removal policy, the cherokee nation was forced to give up its lands east of the Mississippi river and to migrate to an area in present-day Oklahoma.
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mormons
- Mormons are a religious and cultural group related to Mormonism, the principal branch of the Latter Day Saint movement of Restorationist Christianity.after the murder of joseph smith and continued persecution, the mormons settled in utah
Manifest Destiny
- Common American idea that the nation was meant to spread to the ocean.
Second Great Awakening
- In the mid 1800s, many americans worked to reform various aspects of society.Religious leaders organized to revive the nation's commitment to religion in a movement known as the second great awakening. The religious revival brought about new movements such as temperance,abolition, and women's rights.
abolition
- to ban slavery emidiatelly
Emancipation Proclamation
- September 22, 1862 president Lincoln issued the emancipation proclamation, thus freeing all enslaved people in states of war,to punish the south and to make the soldiers fighting worth while.
Reconstruction
- The period that follows the civil war in who's focus was to help the south rebuild and help former slaves. Reconstruction ends in the south when racist white officials regain power and suppress civil liberties of African Americans.
13th Amendment
- Passed by Congress on January 31, 1865, and ratified on December 6, 1865, the 13th amendment abolished slavery in the United States and provides that "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction."
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14th Amendment
- The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was adopted on July 9, 1868, as one of the Reconstruction Amendments. The amendment addresses citizenship rights and equal protection of the laws, and was proposed in response to issues related to former slaves following the American Civil War.
15th amendment
- The Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude."
Freedmen's Bureau
- The Freedmen’s Bureau was established in 1865 by Congress to help former black slaves and poor whites in the South in the aftermath of the U.S. Civil War (1861-65).
poll taxes
- Poll taxes enacted in Southern states between 1889 and 1910 had the effect of disenfranchising many blacks as well as poor whites, because payment of the tax was a prerequisite for voting.
Jim Crow
- Jim Crow laws were state and local laws enforcing racial segregation in the Southern United States.
lord baltimore
- Lord Baltimore was the first person to dream of a colony in America where Catholics and Protestants could prosper together.
John Locke
- English philosopher who expressed the idea that people are born with ''natural rights'' these include the right to life, liberty, and property. His ideas influenced the declaration of independence greatly.
Thomas Jefferson
- He was the main author of the declaration of independence and the third president of the united states.
James Madison
- He was the main author of the constitution and our forth president
john marshall
- John Marshall was the fourth Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. His court opinions helped lay the basis for United States constitutional law and made the Supreme Court of the United States a coequal branch of government along with the legislative and executive branches.
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Harriet tubman
- Was a famous ''conductor''. She was a run away slave. Again and again she risked journey into the slaves states to bring men and women out. She saved as many as 200 people.
Abraham Lincoln
- President during the Civil War who issued the emancipation proclamation.
Dred Scott v Stanford
- He was a slave in the united states who sued, unsuccessfully for his freedom. His case was based on the fact that he had lived in the sties and territories where slavery was illegal.
Plessy v Ferguson
- Plessy v. Ferguson, was a landmark United States Supreme Court decision upholding the constitutionality of state laws requiring racial segregation in public facilities under the doctrine of "separate but equal."
Sons of Liberty
- The Sons of Liberty was an organization of American colonists that was created in the Thirteen American Colonies. The secret society was formed to protect the rights of the colonists and to fight taxation by the British government.
