•Elizabeth I died with no heir

•James I assumed throne
•Believed in Divine Right
–Caused problems in Parliament
–Asked for lots of $$$
–Sold titles of nobility

•Parliament criticized his foreign policy
•James ended a war with Spain
•Put England in debt b/c of repayments of war loans (in the peace treaty)

•1600-most were members of Church of England
–Difference in opinions of rituals, etc.

•Puritans wanted to purify church of Catholic rituals and symbols
•Puritans in Parliament wanted reforms
•James resented this- why?
•Where did Puritans go?

•1625 Charles takes throne
–Inherits religious and political problems
–Married Henrietta Maria- made it worse (why?)

•Declared war on Spain and asked for money
•Forced landowners to give loans to gov’t
•Had people house soldiers
•Placed some areas under Martial Law
–Temporary military rule with limitations on individual rights.

•By 1628- England was at war with France and Spain
–Parliament was ready to make changes
–Forced him to sign Petition of Right…

•Limited his powers in 4 ways
1.Couldn’t collect taxes without Parliament’s consent
2.Couldn’t imprison without just cause
3.No Billets
4.Couldn’t declare martial law unless England was at war

•Charles dissolved Parliament and threatened to never call it again

•Ruled 11 years without Parliament
–Ignored Petition of Right

•Named William Laud to be Archbishop of Canterbury
–Both persecuted Puritans
–Denied right to preach or publish
–Burned their writings and punished outspoken Puritans with public whippings
•Many Puritans moved to America
–Known as the Great Migration

Charles ruled for 20 years eventually allowing parliament to come back

•Determined to weaken Charles’ power

•Puritans grew in power
•Royalists –pro-monarch group formed in Parliament
–Supported the king and opposed Puritan control of Church

•1642- Parliament sent Charles “Nineteen Propositions”
–Made parliament supreme power in England
–Charles refused

•Charles’ Army
–Nobles and landowners
–Called The Cavaliers

•Parliament and Puritans
–Roundheads

•Oliver Cromwell led Roundheads
•Royalist surrender in May 1646
•Parliament wins complete control of English government.
•Puritans remove remaining opposition

•Known as Rump Parliament

•He tried to escape
•1647 he surrendered.
•The army tried, sentenced, and executed the king in 1649.

•life after Charles...
Rump Parliament set up republic called
•Commonwealth
–A state ruled by elected representatives
•Still faced opposition
–Scotland and Ireland
–Royalist uprisings

•New laws made money for England

•Navigation Act (1651) required that imports be brought to England in English ships or in ships of the country producing the goods.

•England becomes POWER

•Cromwell gets rid of Rump Parliament

•Names himself Lord Protector
–Granted religious freedom to all non-Anglican Protestants, but not really…

•1660- Parliament restored monarchy
–Charles II
–Representative gov’t and individual rights survived