Energy resources
Published on Nov 19, 2015
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PRESENTATION OUTLINE
It has been estimated that our source of natural gas energy may run out in 60 or so years.
Natural gas not a renewable energy.
Extracting gas
Gas is extracted by drilling wells into the ground through the geographic layers to reach where the gas is.
HOW NATURAL GAS PRODUCES
ELECTRICITY
There are two main types of power stations to turn natural gas into electricity
OPEN CYCLE
Natural gas is burned to create pressurized gas that spins the blades of a turbine which is connected to a generator creating electricity.
COMBINED CYCLE
The process of a combined cycle is similar to an open cycle but the waste heat of the gas is used to boil water into steam to turn a second turbine and generator creating twice the energy of an open cycle.
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
Advantages
- More environment friendly than oil or coal
- Can be safely stored or burned
- Most of its natural reserves are still underutilized
- Emits 60-90% less smog-producing pollutants
- It doesn't produce ash after energy is released
DISADVANTAGES
- It's damaging the ecosystem
- It's a highly combustible substance
- Its availability is finite
- Its extraction leaves large craters within the Earth
- The extraction process can cause an unprecedented leak
Coal fire power
Where is coal found?
Coal can be extracted from the Earth either by surface mining or underground mining.
HOW COAL IS USED TO
PRODUCE ELECTRICITY
Coal is pulverized to a fine powder so it is easily burned. The heat is used to turn water into steam which is used to turn a turbine connected to a generator, much like the combined cycle.
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Advantages & disadvantages
advantages
- It's easily transported
- Cheapest ways to generate power
- The world has many coal reserves
disadvantages
- Its mined so its ruining habitats
- Non-renewable
- It harms the environment
- Coal-fired power stations need huge amounts of fuel
WIND POWER
Wind energy is a renewable energy. It uses airflow to generate electricity.
Wind energy makes up to 3% of Australia's National Electricity Market.
Wind turbines can be found in wind farms
How wind power
creates electricity
The wind turns the blades of a turbine that is connected to a generator sending electricity to homes, schools and other buildings.
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Advantages & disadvantages
advatages
- The energy does not release green house gases
- Wind farms are an interesting feature of landscape
- Remote areas can produce their own electricity
disadvantages
- Wind is not constant
- Wind turbines are noisy
- Wind turbines do produce some pollution
Solar energy
How electricity is generated through solar power
Solar is a renewable energy source that uses the sun to create electricity through solar panels.
There are two main types: solar thermal and photovoltaic, or PV.
Solar thermal panels use the sun’s energy to heat water.
PV panels use the photovoltaic effect to turn the sun’s energy directly into electricity.
A solar system has three main parts
- solar PV panels capture energy from the sun and create direct current (DC)
- an inverter in the power box converts the DC power into alternating current
- a two-way electricity meter records the amount of electricity generated
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The solar panels captures the energy from the sun then converting them in to either direct or alternating currents creating electricity.
Advantages & Disadvantages
advantages
- Solar energy is a renewable source
- Solar panels don't make noise
- Solar energy does not cause pollution
- Solar energy is infinite
disadvantages
- Solar panels are expensive
- Solar energy can only be harnessed when it is sunny
nuclear power
How a nuclear reactor
creates electricity
There are two main types of Nuclear fission reactors, Pressurize Water and Boiling Water
Pressurized Water
The radioactive water in the reactor core is kept under extreme pressure so that it does not boil when it hits 100 degrees but still keeps absorbing heat.
The super hot water goes through a heat exchanger which transfers the heat to non-radioactive water. This water forms super-heated steam which is used to power the turbines and generator to create electricity.
Boiling Water
In this reactor the water in the core is not pressurized and so it boils into steam in the core and is then used to turn the turbine and generator to create electricity. Upon cooling, the water is returned to the core.
Advantages & disadvantages
advantages
- doesn't produce smoke particles to pollute the atmosphere
- It doesn't rely on the weather
- It's powerful and efficient
- It requires little amounts of uranium to produce energy
disadvantages
- It disposes radioactive nuclear waste
- Removing a nuclear power stations are expensive
- Nuclear accidents can make a person sick
- There are unknown risks
- It is not a renewable energy
Tidal/wave power
How tidal/wave power
creates electricity
Large underwater turbines are placed in areas with
high tidal movement. This allows the turbine to move and produce electricity.
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Advantages & Disadvantages
advantages
- It is a renewable energy
- It does not produce any greenhouse gases
- Wave energy is constant
- There's no damage on the land
disadvantages
- power stations only generate power when the tide is flowing in or out of the basin
- Which only happens during certain times of the day
- To build a power station costs a lot of money
Diesel Generation
How diesel generation
creates electricity
Electricity is made from a diesel generator. The generator is a combination of a diesel engine and an electric generator
Generators
A diesel generator burns diesel fuel and uses the energy to turn a shaft that is connected to the electric generator
and converts the electrical rather than the kinetic energy
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Advantages & Disadvantages
advantages
- It's easily available in the market
- Maintenance is easy
- In some cases it's portable
- Least flamable
disadvantages
- It can be noisy
- Installation process is time consuming
- It's heavy and has large body parts
- It can be expensive
- It is not a renewable energy
biomass
How Biomass creates
electricity
Biopwer is the use of biomass to create electricity.
There are six major types of biopower systems:
direct-fired, cofiring, gasification, anaerobic digestion, pyrolysis, and small, modular.
In this powerpoint I will only show two.
Direct-fired systems burn bioenergy feed stocks directly to produce steam. The steam is then used in the turbine/generator unit to create electricity.
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Gasification systems use high temperatures and an oxygen-starved environment to convert biomass into a gas. The gas fuels a gas turbine and turning a generator, creating electricity.
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advantages & disadvantages
advantages
- It is a renewable energy
- The power plants help reduce landfills as it uses waste for fuel
- Reduce dependency on fossil fuels
disadvantages
- It creates an unpleasant smell
- It requires a lot of land space
- It's expensive to take care for
Bibliography
Coal
http://education.nationalgeographic.com/education/encyclopedia/coal/?ar_a=1
https://www.eon-uk.com/EnergyExperience/852.htm
http://coalenergysource.blogspot.com.au/2013/01/advantages-and-disadvantage...
Natural Gas
http://www.originenergy.com.au/naturalgas
http://www.edfenergy.com/energyfuture/energy-gap-quantity/gas-and-the-energ...
http://www.buzzle.com/articles/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-natural-gas....
Bibliography
Solar Energy
https://drive.google.com/a/sbsc.tas.edu.au/file/d/0B2FKFtIiE7C7Yzh4LTJ5NUlm...
http://www.originenergy.com.au/4228/Solar-energy
http://www.edfenergy.com/energyfuture/solar-generation
http://www.alternate-power.org/solar-power-advantages-and-disadvantages/
http://www.technologystudent.com/energy1/solar7.htm
Wind Power
http://www.originenergy.com.au/4230/Wind-power
http://askmel.tripod.com/workshow2.html
http://www.technologystudent.com/energy1/wind8.htm
Bibliography
Nuclear Power
http://www.world-nuclear.org/nuclear-basics/how-does-a-nuclear-reactor-make...
http://www.green-planet-solar-energy.com/nuclear-power-plant-works.html
http://www.cyberphysics.co.uk/topics/nuclear/advantages_disadvantages_nucle...
http://www.conserve-energy-future.com/Advantages_NuclearEnergy.php
Biomass
http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/tech/bioenergy/biopower
http://www.icsaddis.edu.et/grade5Abioindustry/index2.html
http://www.conserve-energy-future.com/Advantages_Disadvantages_BiomassEnerg...
Bibliography
tidal/wave power
http://www.alternative-energy-news.info/technology/hydro/tidal-power/
http://www.conserve-energy-future.com/Advantages_Disadvantages_WaveEnergy.p...
https://sites.google.com/site/tidalwavesproject/home/advantages-disadvantag...
Diesel Generation
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_generator
http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-diesel-generator.htm
http://www.slideshare.net/johnvicke/diesel-generators-advantage-disadvantag...
Two renewable energies
class presentation
Geothermal Energy
What is Geothermal energy?
Geothermal energy is the heat coming from the Earth. It's clean and sustainable.
It uses heat that naturally occurs beneath the Earth's surface.
Geothermal energy can be found in large areas of hydrothermal resources, called geothermal reservoirs
Geothermal Power Plant
How geothermal energy
creates electricity
There are three types of geothermal power plants:
dry steam
flash steam
binary cycles
Dry steam power plants pump stream straight from the reservoirs underground and uses it to turn the turbine and activate the generator creating electricity
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Flash steam power plants use geothermal reservoirs of water with temperatures greater than 182*C.
The hot water flows up through wells in the ground under its own pressure.
As it flows up, the pressure decreases and some of the hot water boils into steam.
The steam is separated
and then used in the turbine/generator unit.
Any water leftover are injected back into the reservoir
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Binary cycle power plants work on water at lower temperatures about 107*C to 182*C.
The power plants use the heat from the hot water to boil a working fluid usually with a low boiling point.
The working fluid is vaporized in a heat exchanger and used to turn a turbine.
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advantages & disadvantages
advantages
- It's renewable energy
- It doesn't produce pollution
- The power plants don't have much impact on the environment
disadvantages
- You can't set up a power plant anywhere you want
- Gases may get released while drilling into the Earth
- Steam in the reservoirs can run out
Hydroelectric power
How hydroelectric power
creates electricity.
The idea is that water drops into the pen stock at the bottom of a dam. At the end of the pen stock there is a turbine propeller connected to a generator to create electricity. The turbine turns as water passes through.
The water continues to pass through and out to
the river past the dam.
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advantages & disadvantages
advantages
- Once a dam is constructed, electricity can be produced at a constant rate.
- It is a renewable energy
- Hydroelectric dams are designed to last years
- The build up of water in the lake means that energy can be stored until needed
- It does not produce greenhouse gasses
disadvantages
- Dams are expensive to build
- It must be built to a very high standard
- People living in the valley to be flooded must be moved
- Blocking a dam may cause problems in the neighboring town if river is share
- Dams can break unexpectedly
