earthquake
Published on Nov 18, 2015
About earthquake
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PRESENTATION OUTLINE
earthquake
What is an Earthquake?
Earthquake is the sudden trembling or shaking of the earth caused by the abrupt release of energy from the rocks
FAULT
- created when two faces of rock slipped pass each other along an approximately flat internal surface.
focus
- location on the fault where movement begins
epicenter
- geographic location on the earth's surface above the focus
TYPES OF EARTHQUAKE
TECTONIC & VOLCANIC
TECTONIC
- RESULT FROM THE MOVEMENT OF PLATES ALONG FAULTS OR TRENCHES
VOLCANIC
- RESULT WHEN LAVA OR MAGMA IS GENERATED BENEATHE THE EARTH
seismic waves
surface waves & body waves
Seismic Waves - vibrations which energy is released
Seismographs - instruments where waves are recorded
Seismogram - printed records of the waves
TWO FORMS OF SEISMIC WAVES
SURFACE WAVES
-TRAVEL ON THE EARTH'S SURFACE
Rayleigh Waves - move both vertically and horizontally in a vertical plane pointed in direction in which the waves are travelling
Love Waves - waves move sideways but with no vertical movement
BODY WAVES
- TRAVEL AND PASS THROUGH THE EARTH'S INTERIOR
two kinds of body waves
p waves & s waves
P Waves (Primary Waves)
- first wave to arrive at the distant seismograph
- vibrate parallel to the travel direction
S Waves (Shear Waves)
- second waves to arrive at the seismograph
- vibrate perpendicular to the travel direction
EARTHQUAKE MAGNITUDE
EARTHQUAKE MAGNITUDE SCALE
- MEASURES THE SHAKING USING INFORMATION ON A SEISMOGRAM
Richter Scale - was invented by Charles F. Richter in 1934
- used to measure the magnitude of most earthquakes
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Earthquake intensity
- measure of the effects of earthquakes on people and buildings
