EARLY COLD WAR

COLD WAR

• The days of the U.S and soviet soldiers being friends wouldn't last
• The U.S and the Soviet Union would engage in a struggle for world power

YALTA CONFERENCE

• Allied leaders meet to divide Germany
• Leaders: Stalin, Churchhill, Roosevelt
• They declared to collaborate in shaping postwar in euorpe
• Divided Germany into four occupation zones
• Each country controlled by a different allied country

POTSDAM CONFERENCE

• The allies finalize their post war plans for Germany
• The division of Berlin were made into occupation zones

UN ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION

• In June 1946, Truman sent a key advisor to the United Nations
• Bernard Baruch explained to the united nations the U.S's goals

IRON CURTAIN

• A term that came to symbolize this growing barrier between the east/west

TRUMAN DOCTRINE

• A speech Truman addressed to congress
• He outlined a policy that became known as the Truman doctrine
• Congress granted Truman's request
• The Greek government defeated the communist rebels

MARSHALL PLAN

• In June 1947, George Marshall announced a speech at Harvard university
• This recovery plan became known as the Marshall plan
• The plan offered all European nations to rebuild their economies

BERLIN BLOCKADE

• On June 24th, the Soviet Union imposed a blockade on Berlin
• The soviets thought it would force the allies to give up Berlin
• They also thought they might give up plans for a west German state

NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION

• In 1949, the U.S, Canada, and countries of western states got together
• They formed the North Atlantic treaty organization
• France, Luembourg, Belgium, Denmark, Norway, Italy, Britain, Iceland, and Portugal
• (Continued) Greece, turkey, joined the organization in 1952.

WARSAW PACT

• The Soviet Union, Albania, Bulgaria, chec, east Germany, Poland,
• And Romania, joined forces for mutual defense.
• NATO and Warsaw Pact members began to see eachother as enemies
• Europe was now formally divided into 2 armed camps

KOREAN WAR

• War began when North Korea troops invaded South Korea
• North Korea troops were armed with soviet weapons
• Truman turned to the United Nations for support
• Troops from 15 nations joined the U.N force
• Officials selected American General Douglas Macaurther to lead the troops

THIRD WORLD

• Poor developed nations in Latin America, Asia, and Africa
• Some countries aligned with one of the super powers
• The U.S and Soviet Union tried to friend the allies in the 3rd world

H-BOMB

• The hydrogen bomb
• This weapon would be more powerful then the atomic bomb
• In 1952, the U.S tested it's first H-Bomb

MUTUAL ASSURED DESTRUCTION

• The combination of deterrence and willingness to use nuclear weapons
• The u.s develops policies to manage the nuclear threat
• It relied on M.A.D to limit the chances of all-out war

COMMUNIST SYMPATHIZERS

• People who believed in communist ideology but didn't join the party
• By 1950, communist party membership in the U.S was 43,000

House Un-American Activities Committee

• Formed in 1938 to investigate subversive organizations
• In 1947, HUAC turned it's attention to communist in the film industry

Alger Hiss Case

• Involved a state department official
• Served as an adviser to FDR at the yalta conference
• Whittaker Chambers accused Hiss of passing secrets to the Soviet Union

ROSENBERG TRIAL

• Concluded with death sentences for both defendents
• Many people argued that the evidence was conclusive
• The Rosenbergs were executed in 1953
• They became the only U.S civilians to get killed for spying during the Cold War

MccARTHYISM

• Senator Joesph McCarthy launched a crusade against subversives in gov.
• The practice of publicity accusing someone of activities without evidence
• McCartyism made a lot of people more fearful

ATOMIC AGE

• Many people had high hopes for peaceful use of atomic power
• The destruction caused by atomic bombs dropped in Japan was new to americans
• The promise of atomic power also excited Americans
• The the 1950's atomic bomb tests moved to the Nevada desert

FEDERAL CIVIL DEFENSE ADMINISTRATION

• The agency gave millions to help civilians prepare for a nuclear attack
• Civil defense preparedness became apart of early day life
• Many communists set up bomb shelters in public buildings
• Some families built underground bomb shelters in their backyard
• These shelters were stocked with emergency food and water

(CONTINUED)

• The shelters could protect people from atomic explosion and radio dust
• It also helped Americans survive a nuclear attack