Developmental Learning:

Trust Vs. Mistrust

• Stage one in psychosocial development, (year 1) baby learns is they can trust others or not. If they receive care, then they learn that there is hope. If not, they learn fear, and mistrust of others.

Autonomy vs. Shame

• year 2, children learn independence, making their own choices, or if child is too criticized, then child learns self-doubt.

Initiative vs. Guilt:

• (3-5 yrs) learns to lead others, sense of purpose, ask questions, OR, if they feel that their questions are annoying others --> guilt

Industry vs. Inferiority

• (6-12 yrs): Most important role for teachers, develop sense of pride in their accomplishments, confidence is developed. If not reinforced, then feelings of inferiority is developed. Balance between successes and failures to learn.

Identity vs. Role Confusion

• (12-18 yrs): Student looks to future, wants to belong in society, build their identity. Creating an identity for themselves results in feeling that they are unique. Or, Role confusion happens, not knowing who they are, frustrations

Intimacy vs. Isolation

• (18-40) Love, seeking relationships with others. If not, can lead to isolation or unhappiness.

Generativity vs. Stagnation

• (40-65): Family is center of their lives, feel involved in a bigger picture, look out for others. Or, the can feel stagnant (unproductive)

Integrity vs. Despair

• (65+): Retired, look back on lives, and may feel proud of what they accomplished (wisdom), or did not accomplish what one wanted, then despair (dissatisfaction).