Deponent Verbs

Tenses

• Present, imperfect, perfect, future, pluperfect, future perfect
• Deponent verbs are verbs that can NOT be translated as passive
• However, they appear in the passive tense (but translated as active)
• Also appear as infinitives, imperatives, and participles

Present active

• The first principal part of a deponent will appear as first person passive
• Then, the verb is formed just like how a passive verb would be
• ex: Take stem "fru-" from "fruor" and add vowel
• (depends on the case, "-e-" for 2nd declension, "-a-" for 1st, etc)
• Then, add regular passive personal ending (-r, -ris, -tur, etc.)

Imperfect active

• Same as forming the present, but add "-ba-"
• "-ba-" goes after stem+vowel 
• Vowel may change from first person singular
• (ex: in 3rd i-stem, vowel goes from an "-i-" to an "-e-"
• Add passive personal endings

PERFECT ACTIVE
-4th principal part of the verb + sum, es, est, sumus, estis, sunt

PLUPERFECT ACTIVE
--4th principal part of the verb + eram, eras, erat, eramus, eratis, errant

FUTURE PERFECT ACTIVE
--4th principal part of the verb + ero, eris, erit, erimus, eritis, erint

TRANSLATION

Deponent Verbs are translated just how they would be if they were normal verbs.

Ex: Pluperfect is translated as I had ___ed (in 1st person singular)

IMPERATIVES ("fruor"--I enjoy)

-Singular=stem + -are, -ere, -ire

-Plural=stem + passive endings

INFINITIVES ("fruor")

-Present=Stem + "-i"
to ___

-Perfect=4th p.p. + esse
to have ___ed

-Future=4th p.p. + "-ur-" (comes right before the "-us") + ease
to be about to ___

PARTICIPLES ("fruor")

Present=stem + -ans, -ens, -iens
____ing

Perfect=4th p.p.
having ____ed


Future=4th p.p + -ur- (comes right in front of -us)
about to ____