CURRENT GEOGRAPHICAL ISSUES

DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM IN INDIA

TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA :
India is on track to build the world's fourth-largest travel and tourism industry – trailing behind China, the United States and Germany – by 2027, according to the World Travel and Tourism Council. In fact, in 2016, India's travel and tourism industry outperformed its economy as a whole, and in 2017, the sector generated more than $230 billion.

ISSUES OF INDIAN TOURISM

• Lack of proper infrastructure which includes non availability of good roads and poor connectivity to the tourist destinations.
• Lack of basic hygienic amenities at halting points
• Poor infrastructure
• Poor maintenance of heritages

5. Lack of funds due to which a long list of heritage monuments that are still sitting in squalid environments etc.

6. Issues regarding security and harassment

7. Lack of passionate and trained professionals

CURRENT POSITIVE IMAPCTS :
- Generating Income
- Source of Foreign Exchange Earnings
-Tourism helps preserve several places which are of historical importance by declaring them as heritage sites.
- tourism industry can also help promote peace and stability in developing country like India by providing jobs

CURRENT NEGATIVE IMPACTS :
1. Tourism can increase tension, hostility, and suspicion between the tourists and the local communities.
2. Tourism sometimes led to the destruction of the social fabric of a community.
3. Adverse Effects on Environment and Ecology
4. Creating sense of opposition

POSSIBLE IMPACTS ( POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE )

• POSSIBLE IMPACTS ARE AS FOLLOWS : Increase in standard of living Increased expenditures Construction of new facilities Improvement of local infrastructure Architectural pollution Overcrowding Preservation of heritage

GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES TO DEVELOP TOURISM IN INDIA :
1. Incredible India
2. Atithi Devo Bhava
3. Adopt a Heritage
4. E-Visa

RISING POPULATION AND ITS EFFECTS

The rapid population growth and economic development in country are degrading the environment through the uncontrolled growth of urbanization and industrialization, expansion and intensification of agriculture, and the destruction of natural habitats. One of the major causes of environmental degradation in India could be attributed to rapid growth of population, which is adversely affecting the natural resources and environment.

ISSUES FACED DUE TO OVER POPULATION :
- Rapid growth of population accounts for low standard of living in India.
- It leads to migration of people from rural areas to the urban areas causing the growth of slum areas
- Rising rate of population growth exerts pressure on land.
- Higher birth rate brings more pollution, more toxic wastes and damage to biosphere.

- population explosion hinders the economic development.
- Rising population increases poverty in India.
- People do not get sufficient quantity of food due low availability of food which affects their health and productivity.
- The overpopulation aggravates the unemployment & disguised unemployment problem
- Decrease of forest area
- it creates a large affect on the environment by exhausting a large proportion of waste.

IMPACT OF OVERPOPULATION :
rising population in India is leading to -
- depletion of natural resources
- deforestation
- depletion of ozone layer
- land and soil degradation
- global warming and climate change

MEASURES TO CONTROL RISING POPULATION

• Minimum age of marriage should be raised.
• People need to be told and made to understand the consequences of having too many children.
• Educated people can easily understand the adverse effects which a high population growth rate possesses. Therefore , we should educate more people .

4. Govt. should create more and more employment so that income of people can be raised.
5. In order to maintain their higher standard of living people prefer to have a small family. Govt. should take important steps to increase the living standard of the people.

SCARCITY OF WATER

SCARCITY OF WATER:
Although India has made improvements over the past decades to both the availability and quality of municipal drinking water systems, its large population has stressed planned water resources and rural areas are left out. In addition, rapid growth in India's urban areas has stretched government solutions, which have been compromised by over-privatization.

ISSUES

• More than 50% of the population has no access to safe drinking water and about 200,000 people die every year for lack of access to safe water.
• Water scarcity is the cause of mismanagement and excess population growth of the water resources.
• most of the areas in India use traditional irrigation techniques that stress the availability of water.

- Population growth, industrialization, rapid urbanisation, rising needs of irrigation and increase in domestic water usage have accelerated the demand for water.

- Release of industrial and domestic waste, including urban sewage, into rivers, lakes, and estuaries has polluted freshwater sources at an alarming rate in India

IMPACT OF WATER SCARCITY

• Reduction in economic growth.
• Unavailability of water for irrigation, leading to poor production and agricultural crisis.
• Shortage in power supply.
• causes starvation to both people and animals

5. Without having access to clean water for drinking, cooking, washing or bathing, it usually results in unhygienic conditions for people.
6. When large areas of land may no longer be suitable for living or farming because of water scarcity, millions of people lose their livelihood due to that. These people are forced to migrate to other places to survive.

MEASURES TO CONSERVE WATER :
1. educating those who are not dealing with water scarcity, they can be in a position to help.
2. Recycling water
3. Improve Sewage System
4. Better Water Distribution Infrastructure
5. Rainwater Harvesting

6. excessive levels of chemical fertilizers and pesticides are used to maximize crop yields. However, it leads to serious soil pollution, which in turn translates into groundwater pollution and contributes to the water scarcity issue. Therefore , we should use less chemicals in farming.


7. Micro-irrigation such as drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation should be promoted.

GLOBAL WARMING

GLOBAL WARMING :
Global warming is the unusually rapid increase in Earth's average surface temperature over the past century primarily due to the greenhouse gases released by people burning fossil fuels. Global warming has changed the climate of India . Global warming is one the most dangerous and evil issue of India .

CAUSES OF GLOBAL WARMING ;
- Burning fossil fuels
- Deforestation & Tree-Clearing
- Some fertilisers that farmers use also release nitrous oxide, which is another greenhouse gas.
- Emissions from power plants
- Harmful gas emissions from vehicles
- Volcanic eruptions
- Agriculture

EFECTS OF GLOBAL WARMING

• Melting glaciers, early snowmelt, and severe droughts will cause more dramatic water shortages
• Allergies, asthma, and infectious disease outbreaks will become more common due to increased growth of pollen-producing ragweed, higher levels of air pollution, and the spread of conditions favorable to pathogens and mosquitoes.
• Rising sea levels

4. Extreme weather events like bushfires, cyclones, droughts and floods are becoming more frequent and more intense as a result of global warming.

5. The oceans have absorbed most of extra heat and carbon dioxide (CO2) so far – more than the air – making the seas both warmer and more acidic.

6. Depletion of ozone layer

PREVENTION OF GLOBAL WARMING :
- The first way to prevent climate change is to move away from fossil fuels. What are the alternatives? Renewable energies like solar, wind, biomass and geothermal.

- Promoting public transportation, carpooling, but also electric and hydrogen mobility, can definitely help reduce CO2 emissions and thus fight global warming

- Encouraging better use of natural resources, stopping massive deforestation as well as making agriculture greener and more efficient should also be a priority.

- You should convert your heating system to the solar energy, in this way you can save electricity, money and your environment from global warming.
- We should reduce trash that gets produced in your house . this prevents emission of harmful gases.

WASTE DISPOSAL AND MANAGEMENT

Waste is useless or unwanted material that has no further use and so it is thrown away . This man made waste not only has adverse effects on the surroundings but also causes health hazards all around in air , water and land . Indiscriminate disposal of waste in the urban cities is becoming a major concern for our country . Due to increasing population , many cities are facing the problems of garbage accumulation due to lack of space .

ISSUES , IMPACT , CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF INAPROPRIATE WASTE MANAGEMENT :

• - One of the major waste disposal problems is attributed to the generation of too much waste. - Industries produce toxic products that end up getting thrown away after use. Most of the products contain hazardous and health-threatening chemicals. - Most landfills lack proper on-site waste management thereby contributing to additional threats to the environment.

- inappropriate waste management causes air , water and soil pollution .
- Air pollution further can cause global warming , ozone depletion , acid rain and smog formation .
- Water pollution further can cause waterborne diseases , turns water acidic and make it hazardous for marine life .
- Affects human health and spreads infectious diseases .

NEED FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT :
- Increasing urbanization has lead to overcrowding of cities . thus lack of space for disposal of garbage , increasing air pollution , water pollution , soil pollution and nuclear pollution is affecting life .
- The rapid growth in population has led to increase in the number of vehicles . which has made pollution of environment a serious problem .
- Increase in airborne and waterborne diseases and spoilage of landscape is affecting all life .

MEASURES TO CONTROL WASTE GENERATION :
- Restricting population growth
- Evolvement of proper infrastructure
- Implementation of strict laws against polluting the environment by imposing heavy fines .
- Educating farmers about the impact of harmful pesticides
- Reusing , reducing and recycling waste .

DONE BY - NIDHEE ADESARA 10K