SCIENCE

Atoms

• Atoms are the building blocks of all matter. Everything is made of atoms - even yourself.
• Atoms are the smallest particle of an element, which are far too small to see. Even the most powerful microscopes cannot visualise a single atom.
• the word particle can be used in many ways. It is a single piece of matter from an element or a compound, which is too small to be seen. Particles can be atoms, molecules or ions.

Elements

• An element is a pure substance which is made from only one type of atom. Everything in the universe contains the atoms of one or more elements.
• The atoms in one element are all the same as each other, but they are different from the atoms of any other elements. There are 118 different elements. They are listed on the periodic table. Examples of elements include oxygen, hydrogen and carbon.

Molecules

• Molecules are made when two or more atoms chemically bond together. Atoms from different elements can combine. When the atoms are from different elements, the molecule can also be called a compound.
• Water is made of molecules. Each water molecule is made from two hydrogen atoms chemically bonded to one oxygen atom. This means that the chemical formula of water is H₂O.

Atomic structure

• Atoms consist of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons in shells. The number of subatomic particles in an atom can be calculated from the atom's atomic number and mass number.

The periodic table

• Mendeleev made an early periodic table. In the modern periodic table, elements are in order of atomic number in periods and groups. Electronic structures model how electrons are arranged in atoms.

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