CHUTES AND MATTER

GUIDE SHEET

• Guide Sheet- The periodic table consists of 18 rows and 7 columns in this game Each column is called a period Each period is represented by the quantum number "n" If your element is in period 6 then n=6 The periodic table is divided into 4 orbital blocks s, p, d, and f In this game the orbital block"f" is not used An element on the table is a square block which has its name, abbreviation, atomic number, and atomic mass The atomic number tells you the amount of protons in that element The atomic mass tells you the average mass of the element Sulfur is in Period 3 Row 16 Because it is in period 3 n=3 for Sulfur Falling a level takes you from one period to the on below it For example if you are on sulfur and fall a period you end up in level 4 element Se You will be asked to answer several questions throughout the game to earn points You will need to know various topics such as electron configuration, scientists, sig figs, changes/ properties, and noble gas shortcuts If you are asked to send another player to period 1 you do not move but you receive 100 points for that turn Sometimes a space will give you an option of what to do only take the second option if the first is impossible to do on the board vise versa Also when you are at the 5th period for example and are asked to fall 4 levels you can even through this game only uses 7 levels just continue from the top and fall 2 levels to the 7th and then continue from the top and end on the 2nd level same thing for rising levels but you would do the opposite and continue from the bottom The atomic mass of an element is determined by the average amount of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of the atoms of an element

DEFINITIONS-

• Definitions- In this game many new terms will be introduced, so if you come across one you don't know look here for clarification Electron: a very small particle of matter that has a negative charge of electricity and that travels around the nucleus of an atom Element: smallest unit of a substance that can't be broken down any further by chemical means Proton: a very small particle of matter that is part of the nucleus of an atom and that has a positive electrical charge Nucleus: the central part of an atom that is made up of protons and neutrons Neutron: a very small particle of matter that has no electrical charge and is part of the nucleus of all atoms except hydrogen (There are no neutrons in the nucleus of hydrogen because hydrogen only has 1 proton, neutrons separate the protons in the nucleus so they don't collide, since there is only one proton it doesn't need to be separated from another proton that isn't there) Valence electron: a single electron or one of two or more electrons in the outer shell of an atom that is responsible for the chemical properties of the atom

ELECTRON CONFIGURATION

• Electron Configuration- The four blocks are s, p, d, and f they are referred to as orbitals An example of an electron configuration is 1s(2) 2s(2) 2p(6) 3s(2) 3p(6) 4s(2) 4d(5) The numbers in parenthesis stand for the number of orbital boxes in a sub unit A sub unit is another name for s, p, d, and f The beginning numbers before the sub unit stand for the period That electron configuration is for the element Manganese An easy way to understand electron configuration is to know that the 2p 2p6 stands for period 2 of block p and the 6 is be how many elements you pass in 2p To write an electron configuration you move from the top left corner left to write and down like you are reading a book

SCIENTISTS

• Scientists- Dalton- his atomic model was a solid, indivisible sphere Rutherford- his atomic model was a nucleus in the center filled with protons, and surrounded by electrons he conducted the gold foil experiment to prove Bohr right, but couldn't because he found the nucleus which proved Bohr wrong Bohr- atomic model consisted of orbitals surrounding a nucleus, the orbitals where rings that had electrons on them, this is proven incorrect by Heisenberg Heisenberg- found the electron cloud atomic model consisted of a proton and neutron filled nucleus surrounded by an electron cloud which is correct