Copy of Age Of Reason
Published on Nov 23, 2015
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PRESENTATION OUTLINE
AGE OF REASON
1680-1780
The Age of Reason, also called the Enlightenment, presented the thought of using reason to get answers, rather than relying on religion and stories.
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The Age of Reason was highly influenced by the works of Francis Bacon, John Locke and Isaac Newton
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ISAAC NEWTON
- He described the world with his laws of motion and gravitiation.
- Helped to prove the Earth and other planets orbit the sun.
- He was an English physicist and mathematician
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FRANCIS BACON
- He was an English philosopher, author, scientist, and jurist.
- Been called the father of empiricism.
- He like planned procedure and investigating all things natural.
- This became a framework for science.
JOHN LOCKE
- Believed in the rights to life, liberty and property.
- Strong influence on the US Declaration of Independence
- Believed humans are a blank slate, deveoping identity with experience.
Religious and political leaders started to lose power, and people became less afraid to voice their opinions.
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Deism
Deism is the belief that God created the world and then let it evolve itself. Deists believed the best form of worship was to do good for others. Deism gained prominence as people began to accept the scientific method.
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Literature was no longer just for the wealthy. People started gathering at cafés and shops to read whatever was available.
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THE LITERATURE INFLUENCED
- Independent thought
- Science (philosphy, physics, astronomy)
- Mathematics
- Medicine
- Religious freedom
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VOLTAIRE
- He was a French writer, philosopher, and public activist
- Wrote plays, peems, essays, novels, historical and scientific works
- He was a Deist and hated the Catholic Church
- He wrote more than 2,000 books and pamphlets
- Famous works: A Treatise on Tolerance, Candide, Henriade, Zaïre
JEAN-JACQUES ROUSSEAU
- He was a French and Genevan writer, philospher and composer.
- "All men are born free, but everywhere they are in chains."
- He believed, "Society should be ruled by the general will of the people."
- Impacted the Declaration of Independence and the French Revolution
- Famous works: The Social Contract, The Origin of Inequality, Émile
BARON DE MONTESQUIEU
- French lawyer and political philosopher
- Famous works: Persian Letters, On the Spirit of Laws
- Created the system of Checks and Balences
- Suggested that the government break into 3 branches (separation of powers.)
- "Power should not be concentrated in the hands of any one individual."
COTTON MATHER
- Believed sinning was the cause of the smallpox outbreak.
- Still used medicine to try and cure smallpox, instead of religion.
- Used innoculation, a form of curing used by nonchristians.
- Inoculation cures many patients even though not part of christian belief.
- Only 6 of 300 died from treatment, while 850 of 6000 untreated died.
"He was a Massachusetts minister who talked and wrote so convincingly about the existence of witches evocative science to immunize citizens against smallpox"
QUESTIONS
- How were women, children, and people of color involved?
- What marked the end of the period? How did it end?
- What major events were occuring that made people believe this?
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